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- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.If the human body is stressed, glucocorticoids: a. promote the breakdown of proteins in the muscles and bones. b. increase the amount of sodium reabsorbed from urine in the kidneys. c. decrease potassium secretion from the kidneys. d. decrease glucose uptake by cells in the nervous system. e. inhibit the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.A __________ is synthesized from amino acids and cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane. a, steroid hormone b. protein hormone c. peptide hormone d. both b and c
- (human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?81. Shortly after surgical removal of the thyroid gland, a 48-year-old woman develops signs and symptoms of neuromuscular irritability, including tingling paresthesias. Gently tapping over the facial nerve in front of the ear results in reflex contraction of the facial muscles. The most likely cause of these findings is hypocalcemia due to injury to which of the following cells? A) Parathyroid oxyphil cells B) Parathyroid principal cells C) Thyroid follicular cells D) Thyroid parafollicular cellsExercise Exercise places demands on the body. Cells require extra energy and water is lost through sweating. The breathing rate and heart rate increases during exercise to deliver more glucose and oxygen to cells which are converted to ATP through cellular respiration. Identify three hormones that are involved in re-establishing homeostasis after an intense workout and explain why they are involved.
- Would a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.6. Increasing the aldosterone secretion during prolonged muscle activity in hot weather allows you to compensate for the sodium loss in sweat and remove the accumulated excess of potassium. Explain these biological effects of the hormone during exercise. For answer: a) draw the structure of the hormone, name the precursor for its synthesis, site of synthesis, signals for secretion, target cells; b) draw a diagram of the hormonal signal transduction starting with hormone interaction with the cell receptor;3) "Outline the functions of the following hormones in relation to digestion and/or the maintenance of metabolic balance: gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, glucagon and leptin"
- (27) An 80-year old man witha 20-year old history of ashthma comes to the physician because of a 24 hour history of a running nose , sore throat , cough,muscle aches, and fatigue. His temperature is 39.5 degrees celcius (103.1F). Zanamivir is prescribed because it inhibits which of the following enzymes? (A) Aldolase (B) Kinase (C) N-acetyl glucosaminidase (D) Neuraminidase (E) Transglycosylase8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this: d) specify the hormone that accelerates this precursor formation and provide appropriate charts, starting from the hormone binding to adipocyte and concluding with precursor formation, give an explanation to the charts.Answer the following questions about insulin: 1. What is the difference between general transcription factors and specific transcription factors (also called genetic switches.) 2. What is an activator and how does it impact transcription? 3. What is a silencer and how does it impact transcription?