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- Define the following terms: b. Isosmotic solutions c. Intravenous fluid Infiltration 2.What precautionary measures should be observed when isotonic solutions are used? 3. What precautionary measures should be observed when hypotonic solutions are used? 4. What are the Two types of feedback loops? Illustrate and explain briefly. 5. Complete the table belowcontinuous disc stack centrifuge is operated at 5000 rpm for separation of tukers' yeast. At a feed rate of 60 min21, thirty of the cells are recovered. For operation at constant centrifuge speed, solids recovery is inversely proportional to the flow rate. (a) What flow rate is required to achieve 90% cell recovery if the centrifuge speed is maintained at 5000rpm thi What operating speed is required to achieve 90% recovery at a feed rate of 60 min211).a. Let’s say for example that a milk sample has 10,000 bacteria per milliliters. If 1 mL of this sample were plated out, these would theoretically be 10,000 colonies in the Petri plate. Discuss and explain the serial dilutions of this example. b. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate 3 disinfectants. The results were as follows: Solution Zone of inhibition X 0 mm Y 5 mm Z 10 mm How would you interpret? Provide inference.
- Choose the best combination of depyrogenation methods: 0.45 um filtration + 0.22 µm filtration OUV+0.45 um filtration 0.22 µm filtration + UV treatment 0.45 um filtration + distillation 0.22 µm filtration + distillationConsider the sterilization of a sodium gluconate production medium in the holding section of a continuous sterilizer. Assuming constant temperature, the specific death rate constant of the contaminant is 20 s-1 . If the average residence time in the holding section is 10 seconds, calculate the Del factor for the following and explain the results. i. For Pe = 400 ii. For Pe = 400, assuming plug flow iii. For Pe = 100 iv. For Pe = 100, assuming plug flowAfter filtering off the yeast in a difficult process, using a Celite pad to the filtrate which contains the reduced product from the ethylacetoacetate: sodium chloride solution is added. What is this process called and why is it added? IT ALT+FIN Prir Al T-FN-F10 (Mac)
- An amino acid of interest was produced in a fed-batch culture using glucose in the feed medium. The initial volume of the quasi-steady-state culture was V0= 500 L, and the nutrient solution containing glucose was added at a constant flow rate of F = 50 L/h.Data: X0 (at the beginning of feeding) = 20 g/L, S0 = 300 g/L, max = 0.2 h-1, KS = 0.5 g/L and Y x/s= 0.3 g/g a) Determine the volume of the culture at t = 10hb) Determine the concentration of glucose at t = 10 hc) determine the concentration and total mass of cells at t = 10 hd) If product is associated with growth with α = 1.5 and P0 = 0.1 g/L, determine the concentration of product at t = 10h.For a gradient system with a gradient of 5-90% in 50 min, flow 2 mL/min, column 100 x 4.6 mm i.d., the first peak elutes at 20 min, and the last peak elutes at 50 min. Calculate k* for this system. 2. Can isocratic elution be used for this sample? If so, what is the range of k values to be expected. 3.Propose a way to shorten the gradient run time by eliminating the wait for the first peak to elute at 20 min. 4. For the original conditions of this question, change the conditions necessary to use a 150 x 4.6 mm column while maintaining the same k* value.Beans the 21kg Pit Bull needs to be put on IV fluids STAT! He is now 3% dehydrated and had 25ml of diarrhea. Calculate his fluid needs step by step using the standard 50 ml/kg/day. Calculate MR for 24 hours= Calculate HD for 24 hours= What is his CL for 24 hours= Put it all together to give me rate per hour- number. Round to the nearest whole On a standard 15 gtt/ml drip set what is his drip rate in seconds= gtt/?sec) (write as ?
- Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What was the patient's creatinine clearance in mL/min? (Creatinine clearance = excretion rate of creatinine/plasma concentration creatinine). Show your work.Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What is the patient's approximate GFR (in mL/min) 2. Is this a normal GFR (in units of mL/min)? Did the patient sustain kidney damage?Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What is the patient's approximate GFR (in mL/min)?