Malonic acid, H2C3H2O4 (aq), is a diprotic acid, so 2 moles of hydroxide ions are required per mole of malonic acid for complete neutralization. A.) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of malonic acid with potassium hydroxide. B.) Calculate the molar concentration of the malonic acid if 38.17 mL of 0.315 M potassium hydroxide was required to neutralize 25.0 mL of malonic acid to a phenolphthalein end point.   C.) Calculate the mass percent concentration of malonic acid using the molar concentration calculated in part b and assuming the density of the solution is 1.01 g/mL.

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.