Let’s suppose a recessive allele encodes a completely defective protein. If the functional allele is dominant, what does that tell youabout the amount of the functional protein that is sufficient to causethe phenotype? What if the allele shows incomplete dominance?
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Let’s suppose a recessive allele encodes a completely defective protein. If the functional allele is dominant, what does that tell you
about the amount of the functional protein that is sufficient to cause
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- Let’s suppose a gene exists as a functional wild-type allele and anonfunctional mutant allele. At the organism level (i.e., at the levelof visible traits), the wild-type allele is dominant. In a heterozygote,discuss whether dominance occurs at the cellular or molecularlevel. Discuss examples in which the issue of dominance dependson the level of examination.raccoons may have wide, medium-sized, or narrow bands around their tails. They may also havethe habit of washing all, or some of their food, or do not wash their food at all. a) assign genotypes to the phenotypes mentioned (see attached table) b. What mode of inheritance would most likely be exhibited by these traits if crosses were made? c. If two raccoons with medium-sized tail bands and have the habit of washing some of theirfoods will be crossed, what is the probability of having F1 raccoons with: c.1 wide tail bands that won’t wash any of their food? c.2 the same genotype as the parent raccoons? d. If a raccoon with a wide tail band that washes only some of its food is crossed with a raccoonwith a narrow tail band that doesn’t wash any food, what percentage of their offspring wouldbe medium-tailed and washes all its food? Show COMPLETE cross.Incomplete dominance and epistasis are both terms thatdefine genetic relationships. What is the most basicdistinction between these terms?
- Let’s look at hair texture. Some people have curly hair, some have straight hair and some express a traitthat is in-between (Incomplete Dominance), or wavy hair. Therefore curly and straight are bothhomozygous and wavy is the expression of the heterozygous condition. Instead of using capital and lowercase letters, we’ll add a prime (`) to the letter. This is because one is not dominant over the other, andthey will both contribute to the phenotype. We can use H to indicate curly hair and H` to indicate straighthair.Given this information, complete the square: Parent Phenotype(appearance) Genotype(alleles) 1 Curly hair HH 2 Straight hair H'H' Do you remember where the alleles of each parent go?Parents: Offspring: Genotypes: Phenotypes: What are the potential phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring?You have a female snail that coils to the right, but you do not knowits genotype. You may assume that right coiling (D) is dominant toleft coiling (d). You also have male snails of known genotype.How would you determine the genotype of this female snail? Inyour answer, describe your expected results depending on whetherthe female is DD, Dd, or dd.Two male mice, which we will call male A and male B, are bothphenotypically normal. Male A was from a litter that containedhalf phenotypically normal mice and half dwarf mice. The motherof male A was known to be homozygous for the normal Igf2 allele.Male B was from a litter of eight mice that were all phenotypicallynormal. The parents of male B were a phenotypically normal maleand a dwarf female. Male A and male B were put into a cage withtwo female mice that we will call female A and female B. FemaleA is dwarf, and female B is phenotypically normal. The parents ofthese two females were unknown, although it was known that theywere from the same litter. The mice were allowed to mate witheach other, and the following data were obtained:Female A gave birth to three dwarf babies and four normal babies.Female B gave birth to four normal babies and two dwarf babies.Which male(s) mated with female A and female B? Explain.
- Let’s suppose that you have made a karyotype of a female fruit flywith red eyes and found that it has three X chromosomes insteadof the normal two. Although you do not know its parents, you doknow that this fly came from a mixed culture of flies in whichsome had red eyes, some had white eyes, and some had eosin eyes.Eosin is an allele of the same gene that has white and red alleles.Eosin is a pale orange color. The red allele is dominant and thewhite allele is recessive. The expression of the eosin allele, however, depends on the number of copies of the allele. When femaleshave two copies of this allele, they have eosin eyes. When femalesare heterozygous for the eosin allele and the white allele, they havelight-eosin eyes. When females are heterozygous for the red alleleand the eosin allele, they have red eyes. Males that have a singlecopy of the eosin allele have eosin eyes.You cross the XXX red-eyed female with a white-eyed male andcount the numbers of offspring. You may assume that…In 1995, doctors reported a Chinese family in whichretinitis pigmentosa (progressive degeneration of theretina leading to blindness) affected only males. Allsix sons of affected males were affected, but all of thefive daughters of affected males (and all of thechildren of these daughters) were unaffected.a. What is the likelihood that this form of retinitispigmentosa is due to an autosomal mutationshowing complete dominance?b. What other possibilities could explain the inheritance of retinitis pigmentosa in this family? Whichof these possibilities do you think is most likely?Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive disorder caused by a rare,loss-of-function allele that is located on the X chromosome in humans. Anunaffected woman (i.e., without disease symptoms) who is heterozygousfor the X-linked allele causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy has childrenwith a man with a functional (non-disease-causing) allele. What is theprobability that this couple will have an unaffected son?
- Red-green color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive (Xc). If a color-blind man marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision, what would be the expected phenotypes of their children with reference to this character? In your answer, specify in your phenotype descriptions the gender of the children. (For example, don’t just say 75% of the children would be colorblind – you would instead say 100 % of the daughters would be colorblind and 50% of the sons would be colorblind. Note that this is not a correct answer; it is just to give you an idea of how to explain the correct phenotypes of the cross.)___Let’s suppose that two different X-linked genes exist in mice,designated with the letters N and L. Gene N exists in a dominant,normal allele and in a recessive allele, n, that is lethal. Similarly,gene L exists in a dominant, normal allele and in a recessive allele,l, that is lethal. Heterozygous females are normal, but males thatcarry either recessive allele are born dead. Explain whether or notit would be possible to map the distance between these two genesby making crosses and analyzing the number of living and deadoffspring. You may assume that you have strains of mice in whichfemales are heterozygous for one or both genes.In individuals affected by cystic fibrosis, salt crystals may appear afterperspiration dries up. In addition, the disease causes respiratory disorderswhich can be both debilitating and lethal. It occurs in individuals homozygousfor the recessive gene. Two normal parents had a daughter with thesymptoms of this disease, and a normal son who marries a normal womanwith an afflicted A test (salt concentration in perspiration of heterozygotes ishigher than normal) disclosed that both are indeed carriers of the gene. If thefirst child born to the mating in (b) was defective, what is the probability thatthe 2nd child would also be defective?Express answer in fraction form