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- Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.Plasma fluid filtered into Bowmans capsule flows directly into the ________. a. renal artery c. distal tubule b. proximal tubule d. loop of HenleThe afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a) renal artery (b) efferent arteriole (c) renal vein (d) capillaries of the glomerulus (e) peritubular capillaries
- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesMap the flow of blood into and out of the kidney. Listwhich structures carry oxygenated blood and whichcarry deoxygenated blood. In addition, list the structuresresponsible for gas exchange and reabsorption of materialsfrom the filtrateDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are oftenemployed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure)or other disease states. Three physiological categories of suchdrugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibitthe action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in thecollecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories wouldbe expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow. (Hint:Rereading the section on hormones at the end of Chapter 28might prove helpful.)
- While drinking many beers one night, Jason noticed that hehad to urinate more frequently. The following morning, Jason’smouth felt dry, and he had a headache. A friend told Jasonthat his symptoms were the result of dehydration. Based uponyour knowledge of the urinary system, how and why did Jasonbecome dehydrated? What hormone normally regulates theamount of water in the urine, and how did the alcohol interferewith this hormone’s function?Mamma's, coith Some expections are the only veretebrates with medullany nephinon. All other=w] veretebroates ony have a contical nephron, Lohat dose this Mean for the osmolanity. of the renal filtrete for those Vertebretes and Lohat problem mignt this present? How do you think they solve this problem?The amount of a substance that passes through the filtration membraneinto the renal tubule per minute is thea. renal plasma flow. c. plasma clearance.b. tubular load. d. tubular maximum
- As the volume of urine within the bladder exceeds 200 mL, the smooth muscle tension generated by the internal urethral sphincter wil Increase Decrease O Stay the same As blood travels from the interlobular artery to the interlobular vein, its creatinine content will O Increase O Decrease O Stay the same As sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys decreases, the renal reabsorption of sodium willDescribe how the nephron loo[ andd the collecting duct in the renal medulla interact in producing concentrated urine? How is the decision made whether urine is concentrated or dilute? What are the stimuli? Which hormones play a role?In a histological section of cortical kidney, renal corpuscles are surrounded by... O proximal tubules O proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as thin limbs of the loops of Henle proximal and distal convoluted tubules O proximal tubules and loops of Henle with distal tubules forming the medullary rays