In which of the following situations would you expect to probably see differences in the speed of the "molecular clock"? Pick any or all that apply | Comparing a particular gene in species with very different mutation rates per generation | Comparison of genes to non-functional DNA sequences in the same species Comparing a particular gene in species with very different generation times |Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in the same species Comparison of a highly conserved gene to a less conserved gene in the same species

In which of the following situations would you expect to probably see differences in the speed of the "molecular clock"? Pick any or all that apply | Comparing a particular gene in species with very different mutation rates per generation | Comparison of genes to non-functional DNA sequences in the same species Comparing a particular gene in species with very different generation times |Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in the same species Comparison of a highly conserved gene to a less conserved gene in the same species

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

a rice species low high diverged six five whole genomes gene families homologous genes Duplication a new function gene order stayed the same common ancestor Genes that are essential for survival usually have mutation rates. of an essential gene results in two copies in the genome. One copy may retain the original function while the other copy is free to evolve Duplications of genes and their subsequent alteration is thought to be the basis for or groups of similar genes with slightly different functions.. One gene, several genes, or even the can be duplicated. All cereal grasses (including rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, and corn) have blocks of that are located on two separate chromosomes. Within the blocks, is conserved, but the DNA sequences have The evidence suggests that all cereal grass species evolved from a with 12 chromosomes that are derived from a whole genome duplication in a species with chromosomes followed by other chromosome rearrangements and divergence. Reset
Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings of flightlessbirds, genetic homology can lead to vestigial DNA sequences.For example, most mammal species produce an enzyme,L-gulonolactone oxidase, that catalyzes the last step in the productionof vitamin C. The species that produce the enzyme areable to do so because they all inherited the gene that encodesit from a common ancestor. Humans, however, do not produceL-gulonolactone oxidase, so we can’t produce vitamin C ourselvesand must consume it in our diets. But even though wedon’t produce the enzyme, our cells do contain a stretch of DNAwith a sequence very similar to that of the enzyme-producinggene present in rats and most other mammals. The human version,though, does not encode the enzyme (or any protein). Weinherited this stretch of DNA from an ancestor that we share withother mammal species, but in us, the sequence has undergonea change that rendered it nonfunctional. (The…
Asian tiger mosquito Trace its origin and evolutionary history or changes in the species. Describe its structures and their functions. What is the importance of this species to our environment? Give trivia about this species. Does this organism produce oxygen? Explain. What are the ancestral species of your chosen organism? Has this species been genetically engineered? If yes, in what way? How does this species reproduce? What organisms have similar structures to this species? Do these structures have the same function? Does the species have tissues, organs, and/or organ systems? What is its role in the flow of energy? Give at 15 least a sentence to each question.
Molecular marker is used to determine relatedness of species which may directly or indirectly exerts an effect on diversity. A hypothetical ancestor has the following DNA sequences: G A A G C T A T T C A T T. There are two lineage with DNA sequences of G A A G G T A T T C T C G, and G A A C C T A T T C T G C. (1) Determine the percentage of A and T in the DNA sequence of the hypothetical ancestor. (2) Calculate the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the second lineage.
A team of scientists has determined the gene sequence of a newly discovered species of insect to be: 5'- ATG GGT GAT GTT GAA AAA-3'. The table shows the gene sequences of four other species of insects. Gene Sequence Species newly discovered species 1 2 5'-ATG GGT GAT GTT GAA AAA-3' 5'-ATC GGT GAT GTT GAA ATA-3' 5'-ATG GGT GAA GTT GTT AAA-3' 5'-ATG GGT GAA GTT GAA AAA-3' 5'-ATG GGC GAT GTT GAA TTT-3' 3 4 Using the biochemical similarities, what can be generalized about the evolutionary relatedness of the newly discovered species? The newly discovered species is most closely related to species 3. The newly discovered species is equally related to all four species of insects. The newly discovered species is most closely related to species 4. The newly discovered species is not related to any of the four species of insects.
Two species of toads are reproductively isolated due to the fact that one species mates in early summer and one in late surmmer. Both species of toads evolved from a common ancestor. What type of speciation occurred? * Allopatric Sympatric Homologous Directional ol The mechanisms of transcription and translation are virtually identical in species from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence? * The mechanisms of transcription and translation presently found in living organisms are the only mechanisms that could effectively convert heredity information into protein structures. The mechanisms of transcription and translation are universal processes and
What is maximum likelihood (ML) in phylogenetics? The probability of the model of sequence evolution given the tree, the sequences, and the branch lengths O The probability of the tree given the sequences, the model of sequence evolution, and the branch lengths O The probability of the branch lengths given the sequences, the tree, and the model of sequence evolution O The probability of the sequences given the tree, the model of sequence evolution, and the branch lengths
The Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes. In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.
Would the rate of deleterious or beneficial mutations be a good molecular clock? Why or why not?
You want to make a phylogenetic tree of a group of three related species of lizards that live on an island. Their genome sequences are highly similar except for a gene that controls body size. In that region of the genome, one of the lizard species has one copy of the growth control gene (L1), the second species has a duplication of the growth control gene (L2) and the third species has three copies of the same gene (L3). The lizard species show an increase in size depending on how many copies of the growth control gene they have (L1 is smallest, L2 is medium-sized and L3 is largest). Is this enough information to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species, and predict which of the species arrived on the island first (and is the ancestral species)? Yes, because the ancestral lizard genome probably had a single copy of the growth control gene and after arriving on the island it was duplicated, resulting in species L2, and then another duplication occurred resulting in…
Can you answer all the parts to this diagram Species 1 and 2 are sister species from which you’ve cloned related genes. On the gene tree on the top of the next page, use labels to answer the following questions: (a) Label the node that represents a gene duplication with “D,” (b) Label the nodes that represent speciation events with “S,” (c) Pick a pair of genes that are paralogs and label them both “P.” (d) Pick a pair of genes that are orthologs and label them both “O.”
Because all known living organisms share a common system for storing and utilizing genetic information, it would suggest: that all life forms on Earth share a common ancestor that the study of one organism’s genes may reveal principles that apply to other organisms thatgenesfromoneorganismcouldpossiblyfunctioninanotherorganism that all of the above ideas (1-4) are likely