In the early part of this century, tropical medicine expert Dr. Richard P. Strong obtained permission from the Governor-General of the Philippines to inoculate a number of criminals with plague bacillus. The Filipino prisoners were not asked for their consent, but they were rewarded by being provided with cigars and cigarettes (Pahl:284). Discuss the ethics of this experiment. 2. Discuss the moral issue of informed consent. Why is it so important in medical research and experimentations? What are some of the circumstances that make it difficult to obtain? 3. Why is there a need for human experimentation?

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Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.