In sickle cell anemia, only one substitution of glutamic acid by valine (one amino acid substitution), is known to be the most possible cause that changes normal red blood cells into sickle cell red blood cells. True False
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In sickle cell anemia, only one substitution of glutamic acid by valine (one amino acid substitution), is known to be the most possible cause that changes normal red blood cells into sickle cell red blood cells. True False
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- There are almost 500 naturally occurring variants of hemoglobin. Most are the result of a single amino acid substitution in a globin polypeptide chain. Some variants produce clinical illness, though not all variants have deleterious effects. A brief sample follows.A 67-year old man prescribed to the emergency department with a 1-week history of angina and shortness of breath. He complained that his face and extremities had taken on a blue color. His medical history included chronic stable angina treated with isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin. The blood obtained for analysis was brown. Which of the following protein-related disorders is most likely the diagnosis? * (Please choose one correct answer only) A. Carboxyhemoglobinemia B. Hemoglobin SC disease C. Methemoglobinemia D. B-Thalassemia E. None of the given optionsKindly mention the indications for clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Should it be used along with aspirin or alone if the latter is contraindicated? Are there any studies that combine both with either low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin? How long should clopidogrel be continued?
- A cat presents with suspected acute, severe sepsis. The veterinarian asks you to draw up a dose of IV gentamicin. The dosage for a cat with acute sepsis is 2.2 mg/kg. Calculate the dose for an 8-lb cat. The concentration of gentamicin is 50 mg/ml. Show me your calculation Please note that: 1Kg= 2.2 lb1. Briefly describe the affect of the glutamic acid to valine mutation on the Hemoglobin protein as it relates to Sickle Cell Anemia. 2. Is your prediction (from question 3 in Part I) consistent with the description of the cause of the sickle-cell anemia disease (from the BME3D computer tutorial)? Explain.Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease in which a faulty hemoglobin (Hb S) molecule is produced. A single DNA base change, from adenine to thymine, leads to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid leading to the production of hemoglobin S. Discuss the steps involved in the production of this molecule.
- A 10-week-old child was admitted to hospital suffering from a salt wasting crisis. Ultrasound scans of the patient's adrenal glands revealed they were enlarged but all other major organs appeared to be within normal parameters. Although the child appeared phenotypically female, karyotyping showed the child to be 46XY. Blood tests revealed the following biochemical profile: - sodium of 109 (reference range: 134-147) - potassium of 6.1 (reference range: 3.5-5.0) - pregnenolone of 0.002 (reference range: 0.3-1.5) - renin activity of 38 (reference range: 0.5-3.5) - 17-OH pregnenolone of 0.01 (reference range: 6.8-93.5) - ACTH of 1960 (reference range: <26) Additional testing showed an accumulation of cholesterol esters in the adrenal glands, and it was also noted that the concentrations of ∆4-androstenedione were barely detectable. Genetic analysis of all the enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis did not detect any detrimental mutations affecting their functionality. Treatment…A 56-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of persistent fatigue for the past three months. The physician decides to order multiple blood tests including an erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Which of the following best describes the clinical conclusion that should be reached if this patient's erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 22 mm/h and his C-reactive protein is 3.5 mg/dL? (A) Indicates the definitive presence of a rheumatoid disorder (B) Indicates the likely presence of infection or inflammation (C) Indicates the presence of a severe bacterial infection (D) Indicates the presence of cancer involving the bone marrow (E) Indicates the presence of rouleaux and the blood's ability to coagulateGiven that the normal range for serum protein is about 7 g/100ml and albumin is about 4 g/100ml, what clinical conclusions can you draw from the following samples A-C? If samples are not normal, what protein fraction is increased/decreased and with what disease is this protein pattern likely to be associated? Sample A: total protein = 14 g/100mlalbumin= 8 g/100 ml Sample B:total protein = 5.8 g/100ml albumin = 4 g/100 ml Sample C:total protein = 3.5 g/100mlalbumin = 2g/100 ml
- Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What was the patient's creatinine clearance in mL/min? (Creatinine clearance = excretion rate of creatinine/plasma concentration creatinine). Show your work.Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 1. What is the patient's approximate GFR (in mL/min) 2. Is this a normal GFR (in units of mL/min)? Did the patient sustain kidney damage?Covid-19 patients may develop acute pulmonary edema (fluid retention in the lungs), and furosemide is often used to treat it. Another potential complication of covid-19 is acute kidney damage. Possible causes include hypoxia, blood clots and inflammation. To evaluate a patient for kidney damage, a medical team took blood samples and placed a catheter to collect urine for 24 hrs. Here are some results: Plasma creatinine: 50 mg/100 mL plasma Urine creatinine: 40.8 mg/mL urine Urine production: 1.5 L in 24 hr 3. How many mg of creatinine were in the 1.5 L urine specimen? How much creatinine appeared in the urine per hour? Show your work.