In considering Modigliani & Miller’s (M&M) Propositions I and II in a world with no taxes and no bankruptcy risk, assume Firm A is an all-equity firm with a required return on its assets (Ra) of 10%. Firm B is a levered firm and can borrow in the debt market at 7% (Rd). If M&M’s proposition II holds, what is the cost of equity and the WACC if Firm B is levered to 50% debt: is this capital structure better for Firm B? Show your calculations.
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In considering Modigliani & Miller’s (M&M) Propositions I and II in a world with no taxes and no bankruptcy risk, assume Firm A is an all-equity firm with a required
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- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Support vour answers with relevant explanations.A) Modigliani and Miller's Proposition II assumes that increased borrowin does not afffect the interest rate on the firm's debt.B) Under the conditions of perfect capital markets the cost of capital of a company financed fully by equity is expected to be equal to that of the same company but financed with 50% equity and 50% debt. C) The higher the systematic risk of a company's stock, the higher the value of its beta. The higher the beta, the higher the return required by investors.Which of the following statements regarding the capital structure is CORRECT? Group of answer choices: According to the M&M theory under perfect market assumptions, the value of a firm with no debt is the same as that with 100% debt. A firm's optimal capital structure is one that maximizes both its expected EPS and stock price. The pecking order model predicts that the equity financing is more preferred to debt financing. According to the M&M theory, if only corporate taxes are considered, the optimal capital structure is one with 0% debt financing. According to the static tradeoff model, a firm's optimal capital structure can be obtained by considering the debt-related costs only.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Support your answers with the relevant explanations. Modigliani and Miller’s Proposition II assumes that increased borrowing does not affect the interest rate on the firm’s debt. (Explain your reasoning.) Under the conditions of perfect capital markets, the cost of capital of a company financed fully by equity is expected to be equal to that of the same company but financed with 50% equity and 50% debt. (Explain your reasoning.) 3. The higher the systematic risk of a company’s stock, the higher the value of its beta. The higher the beta, the higher the return required by the investors. (Explain your reasoning.) 4. The higher the proportion of equity in a company’s overall capital structure, the higher return required by its debtholders. (Explain your reasoning – in your explanation, provide a numerical example supporting your answer.) 5.In the presence of corporate taxes, a company would prefer to raise…
- Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Support your answers with the relevant explanations. a) Modigliani and Miller’s Proposition II assumes that increased borrowing does not affect the interest rate on the firm’s debt. (Explain your reasoning.) b) Under the conditions of perfect capital markets, the cost of capital of a company financed fully by equity is expected to be equal to that of the same company but financed with 50% equity and 50% debt. (Explain your reasoning.) c) The higher the systematic risk of a company’s stock, the higher the value of its beta. The higher the beta, the higher the return required by the investors. (Explain your reasoning.)The Rivoli Company has no debt outstanding, and its financial position is given by the following data: What is Rivoli’s intrinsic value of operations (i.e., its unlevered value)? What is its intrinsic stock price? Its earnings per share? Rivoli is considering selling bonds and simultaneously repurchasing some of its stock. If it moves to a capital structure with 30% debt based on market values, its cost of equity, rs, will increase to 12% to reflect the increased risk. Bonds can be sold at a cost, rd, of 7%. Based on the new capital structure, what is the new weighted average cost of capital? What is the levered value of the firm? What is the amount of debt? Based on the new capital structure, what is the new stock price? What is the remaining number of shares? What is the new earnings per share?What happens to ROE for Firm U and Firm L if EBIT falls to $1,600? What happens if EBIT falls to $1,200? What is the after-tax cost of debt? What does this imply about the impact of leverage on risk and return?
- High Adventure is considering a new project that is similar in risk to the firm's current operations. Thefirm maintains a debt-equity ratio of .55 and retains all profits to fund the firm's rapid growth. Howshould the firm determine its cost of equity?Select one:a. By averaging the costs based on the dividend growth model and the capital asset pricing model.b. By adding the market risk premium to the after tax cost of debt.c. By using the dividend growth model.d. By using the capital asset pricing model.e. By multiplying the market risk premium by 1.55Can you please answer this part c follow up question: c) Suppose the initial £90,000 is raised by borrowing at the risk-free interest rateinstead of issuing equity. What are the cash flows to equity and debt holders, andwhat is the initial value of the levered equity according to Modigliani and Miller’sPropositions? Is the company’s cost of equity the same as before? Overall, can thecompany raise the same amount of capital as before? Explain your reasoning.An all equity firm announces that it is going to borrow $11 million in debt and then keep that debt at a constant value relative to the overall value of the company. What would be the appropriate discount rate for the expected interest tax shields generated by this additional debt? A. Required return on debt B. Required return on equity C. Required return on Assets D. WACC
- Assume that Firms U and L are in the same risk class and that both have EBIT=$500,000. Firm U uses no debt financing, and its cost of equity is rsU=14%. Firm L has $1 million of debt outstanding at a cost of rd=8%. There are no taxes. Assume that the MM assumptions hold. Graph (a) the relationships between capital costs and leverage as measured by D/V and (b) the relationship between V and D. Now assume that Firms L and U are both subject to a 40% corporate tax rate. Using the data given in Part b, repeat the analysis called for in b(1) and b(2) using assumptions from the MM model with taxes.Firms A and B are identical except for their capital structure. A carries no debt, whereas B carries £100m of debt on which it pays a 5% interest rate. Assume no taxes and perfect capital markets where investors and firms can lend and borrow at the same risk-free rate. The relevant numbers are provided in the following table (in £ m): Assume A is fairly priced, what would be B’s weighted average cost of capital in the absence of arbitrage opportunities?Handmon Enterprises is currently an all-equity firm with an expected return of 10.4%, it is considering borrowing money to buy back some of its existing shores Assume perfect capital markets. Suppose Hardmon borrows to the point that its debt-equity ratio is 0.50. With this amount of debt, the debt cost of capital is 4%. What will be the expected return of equity after this transaction b. Suppose instead Hardmon borrows to the point that its debl-equity ratio is 1.50. With this amount of debt, Handmon's debt will be much riskier. As a result, the debt cost of capital will be 6%. What will be the expected retum of equity in this case? A senior manager argues that it is in the best interest of the shareholders to choose the capital structure that leads to the highest expected return for the stock. How would you respond to this a Suppose Harmon bonows to the point that its debt-equity radio is 0.50 With this amount of debt, the debt cost of capital is 4%. What will be the expected retum…