4 The forelimbs of primates and bats have similar skeletal structures but thecorresponding bones in whales have different shapes and proportions. Avariety of data suggest that these three kinds of mammals diverged from acommon ancestor at about the same time. Which is the most likelyexplanation:a. Forelimb evolution is adaptive in primates and bats, but under neutralselection in whalesb. Forelimbs in these three mammals are analogousc. Natural selection imposed by aquatic environments favoured changesin whale forelimb anatomyd. Whales are incorrectly classified as mammalse.Genes mutate faster in whales compared to bats and primates

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Description: 4 The forelimbs of primates and bats have similar skeletal structures but thecorresponding bones in whales have different shapes and proportions. Avariety of data suggest that these three kinds of mammals diverged from acommon ancestor at about the s

Evolution: It is the process in which the characteristics of an organisms changes over time.

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Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter12: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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n of Species: Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree tion: Lizards in an evolutionary tree. Laylinn molinar Per 3_ In what environment is long leg length an advantage for a lizard? e) Why have anoles evolved different toe pads? 3) Does evolution happen quickly or slowly? Does it happen at the leve population? 4) Why is a change in dewlap considered an important step in the forma 5) What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
Scientists know that the last common ancestor between chimpanzees and humans lived 5-7 million years ago because: O It lived shortly after the disappearance of the dinosaurs at 10 million years ago. O The carliest hominins were found in woodlands The time the last common ancestor existed can be calculated by comparing chimpanzee and human DNA and using a "molecular clock" O Chimpanze fossils first appear in the fossil record 10 million years ago
Starting with the work of Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin based his theory of human origins on which set of observations? Since the fossil record known at the time linked humans and orangs, both Huxley and Darwin assumed humans evolved in Asia. O There was an excellent fossil record of human evolution from which Huxley and Darwin concluded that humans had a close evolutionary relationship with the African apes. O Humans are bipedal while other apes are not, humans have larger canines than other apes, humans are tool users, and humans have larger brains. Humans are bipedal while other apes are not; humans have smaller canines than chimps, gorillas, or orangs; humans are tool users; and humans have larger brains.
What can we say about Homo sapiens? Select one: O a. Originated in Africa, shared a common ancestor with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and most likely descendants from a group related to Homo heildenbergensis O b. Migrated out of Africa, most likely 2 million years ago, hybridized with Homo floresiensis and differentiated from other Homo as the sole species to evolved language. O c. Migrated from Ethiopia 200,000 years ago, hybridized with Denisovans and Neanderthals to later replace them O d. Is the result of hybridization between Neanderthals and Denisovans, only lineage to show bipedalism and posses the largest brain capacity of all Homo O e. A and C are correct
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees, whales). Do youexpect the mutations that occurred in the evolution oflimblessness to be in the coding or noncoding sequencesof toolkit genes? Why?
In studying recent fossils of the genus Homo, such as Cro-Magnon,biologists have determined that modern humans have not undergonemuch biological evolution in the past 50,000 years. Rather, culturalanthropologists argue that cultural evolution has been far moreimportant than biological evolution in the recent history of modernhumans. What do they mean by this? Support your argument withsome examples.
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.
Please refer to the given figure in answering the following questions: Forelimbs evolved into wings Four limbs(forelimb and hindlimb) evolved B А 1. The wings of a bat and bird are a product of evolution. 2. The bat, mouse, bird, and crocodile have derived from the common ancestor that doesn't have the initial traits or characters. 3. is considered an outgroup in ancestor B. 4. The bat and mouse, the bird and crocodile are called groups. 5. The evolution of four limbs is for bat, mouse, bird, and crocodile. Shark Ray-finned fish Bat Mouse Crocodile
Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree? Select one: O A. Transitional fossils had not been found. В. Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns. O C. None of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods. D. Some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats. E. The skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (in other words, some bones were missing).
The elaborate tail of the peacock (Pavo cristatus) is approximately 120 cm to 150 cm long, while the tail ofthe peahen is quite short. The long tail reduces the male bird’s ability to maneuver and fly and makes him moreconspicuous to predators. Suggest at least one reason why this cumbersome structure has not been eliminatedby natural selection.
Flippers in whales and penguins are the example of convergent evolution (True/False). Give explaination from the answer?