Identify the three major phases into which carbon fixation (the Calvin cycle) is broadly divided and briefly explain (i) Jany energy requirements and (li) what is occurring during each phase.
Q: Briefly describe what happens in the Calvin Benson cycle. What energy drives it?
A: Calvin Benson cycle The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark…
Q: .Compare and contrast the reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle of Cellular Respiration with the…
A: The mechanism by which cells turn fuel into energy and nutrients is cellular respiration.
Q: What is the beginning compound of the Calvin Cycle that is bound to carbon dioxide?
A: The light-independent reaction of photosynthesis is termed as the Calvin-cycle. Despite being…
Q: Explain the Importance of the Calvin Cycle ?
A: Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma region of leaves of the plants. NADPH and ATP molecules are…
Q: Why is the Calvin -Benson Cycle known as the carbon -fixatiion cycle?
A: Light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) makes sugar using carbon dioxide and the energy-containing…
Q: Does the whole Calvin cycle represent carbon dioxide fixation? Why or why not?
A: As In plants, carbon dioxide 2CO2 enters the inside of a leaf via pores referred to as stomata and…
Q: Explain the Calvin cycle reaction ?
A: Calvin cycle - It is the process in which carbon dioxide turn into sugar by plants and some algae.…
Q: Outline the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
A: The intracellular anabolic process in which glucose is synthesized using simple inorganic substances…
Q: What is the evolutionary advantage to organisms that the Calvin cycle has a number of reactions in…
A: Photosynthesis is an important process used by photoautotrophs for the conversion of light energy…
Q: During the first stage (carbon fixation) of Calvin cycle reactions, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates…
A: Calvin cycle - also known as carbon dioxide fixation reaction. It occurs in the Stroma of the…
Q: What are wo important intermediate molecules of both Glycolysis and Calvin Cycle?
A: Glycolysis is a catabolic process in which hexoses are oxidized to pyruvate molecules. Calvin cycle…
Q: Provide two reasons why it is not possible for the Calvin cycle to efficiently operate in the dark.
A: Calvin cycle is called "dark reaction" . It converts carbon dioxide and other compounds into…
Q: Can cyclic electron transport alone support photosynthesis?explain
A: Over the course of the day, plants encounter a highly variable state of light. To expose their…
Q: Describe the three phases of the Calvin cycle.
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which plants, some bacteria and algae can synthesize food in form of…
Q: Summarize the events of the Calvin cycle. Where does it occur? What molecule is fixed? What is the…
A: The Calvin cycle is a light-independent reaction in photosynthesis in which plants and algae reduce…
Q: Which event in the Calvin cycle would be the LEAST affected by a malfunction in the electron…
A: The Calvin cycle is a major part of photosynthesis, where plants and different autotrophs make…
Q: Compare carbon input and output of the Calvin cyclereaction.
A: Introduction Calvin cycle or the carbon fixation cycle is a series of biochemical reactions to…
Q: Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic electron flow inoxygenic photosynthesis.
A: Photosynthesis is a biochemical process of producing starch and water in the presence of sunlight…
Q: The Calvin cycle occurs within the storms. During these reactions, carbon dioxide is reduced and…
A: Animals do not prepare their own food. They depend on plants for it. Plants are called producers as…
Q: How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one hexosemolecule by the Calvin cycle?
A: The synthesis of glucose from these compounds is simplified because the carbons are already…
Q: The final product of the Calvin cycle is a 6-C sugar. Is this correct? Justify.
A: Introduction The Calvin Cycle Is Also Known As The C3 Cycle, Or The Dark Or Light-independent…
Q: Do cycle enzymes get activated when th
A: Plants are known to be the primary producer of nature. They process foods by the mode of…
Q: Which critical product/s of the light reaction are required for the Calvin cycle? О ATP O NADH O O O…
A: Photosynthesis is divided into light and dark reactions. In photosynthesis carbon dioxide is used to…
Q: Consider the Calvin cycle, and the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway. Why is the cyclic pathway so…
A: In photosynthesis, light dependent reactions uses two photosystems in order to energize the…
Q: Explain in detail the role and importance of photosynthesis to life on this planet. Include what the…
A: The easiest way to comprehend photosynthesis is to know that it is the process of creating and…
Q: Explain why it takes six Calvin cycles to produce a glucose molecule.
A: The Calvin cycle is a light-independent photosynthetic reaction which was taken place in the stroma…
Q: Where does the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) take place?
A: Answer - In photosynthesis, a light-independent reaction takes place in plant chloroplasts.
Q: Discuss the Calvin cycle and related cycles of photophosphorylation
A: Plants are mainly multicellular plants that have ability to perform photosynthesis and belong to…
Q: The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select…
A: Organisms that prepare their own food are said to be autotrophic. They prepare their own food by the…
Q: . It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to non- cyclic photophosphorylation…
A: The Calvin cycle is the cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to fix carbon from carbon…
Q: Explain how coenzymes connect the light-dependent reactionswith the Calvin–Benson cycle
A: Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by phototrophs, which is then…
Q: how essential is the light- dependent reaction stage of photosynthesis in the Calvin cycle?
A: Plants are autotrophs. They are called so because they are not dependent on other organisms and can…
Q: It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation…
A: Cyclic photophosphorylation is a phosphorylation process used by prokaryotes for movement of…
Q: The pentose phosphate pathway is a critical pathway in animals for the production of NADPH and…
A: Cells are machinery structures which carry out various complex controlled biochemical reactions in…
Q: Describe the interactions between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, including the reactants…
A: There is a very strong interaction between photosynthesis and respiration. one process is anabolic…
Q: In Calvin cycle, the initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds, is indirectly…
A: Photosynthesis is the method that plants use to generate oxygen and carbohydrates. Plants act as…
Q: The reactants (input) for photosynthesis are
A: First of all we will discuss about the process of photosynthesis. The photosynthesis is a process…
Q: Defend this statement: “Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by chlorophyll-based…
A: Phototrophs are organisms that make their own organic food from simpler substances.
Q: Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport…
A: Photosynthesis is the process in which the plants make their own food by absorbing sunlight and…
Q: Which of the following are reactants of the Dark (light independent, Calvin cycle) reactions of…
A: Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plants and organisms that contain the chlorophyll…
Q: During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, 02 is produced from reactions associated with via a series of…
A: Photosynthesis is the process of the formation of organic compounds in the presence of sunlight.…
Q: Which of the following are products of the dark (light independent, Calvin cycle) reactions of…
A: Photosynthesis is a process that required carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water as a reactant and…
Q: Describe the three phases of the Calvin Cycle and how the products of the light-capturing reactions…
A: The Calvin cycle occurs in the plants and algae, where carbon dioxide is fixed and converted to food…
Q: The Calvin cycle requires both ATP and NADPH. Which of these molecules provides the major input of…
A: The mechanism by which autotrophs and some other living organisms convert atmospheric carbon dioxide…
Q: Why is the third stage of the Calvin cycle called the regeneration stage?
A: The Calvin cycle which is sometimes called the Benson-Calvin cycle describes the chemical events…
Q: Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is false? Possible Answers: The Calvin…
A: Calvin cycle is a set of chemical reactions in which plants uses carbon dioxide from air to convert…
Q: Describe the three major steps in the Calvin cycle and the role of the key enzyme rubisco.
A: The three crucial phases of the light-independent processes in photosynthesis are referred to as the…
Q: A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake phase of the Calvin cycle, as freely moving CO2…
A: Photosynthesis is a process in which sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into…
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- 2c. 2d. We know that most pigments are found in the chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Specifically WHERE is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast? Some PROKARYOTES are photosynthetic. Predict where the pigments might be located in these cells. Activity #3. Determining optimal wavelength of light used during spinach leaf photosynthesis Note: You'll need to read through this lab exercise and your textbook to answer these questions. Answer choices for questions #1-4 (Each answer can be used more than ADP ATP CO₂ Glucose H₂O Light NADP+ NADPH 0₂ 3. Which of the above are directly required by the light reactions? Hint: See the photosynthesis chapter in your textbook. 4. Which of the above are directly produced by the light reactions? 5. Which of the above are directly required by the Calvin cycle? 6. Which of the above are directly produced by the Calvin cycle? 11 7. (a) In our experiment, what will cause the leaf discs to float? (b) The greater the number of floating discs, the (greater…hhmi BloInteractive Photosynthesis a) Label PSI and PSII. b) Draw the path of the electron transport chain. Diagram 6 Q Search O CU M Table 1: Descriptions of the steps in the light reactions. What is happening with matter? Structure PSIL L ( Ji E C The Events of the Light Reactions For PSII, the cytochrome complex, and PSI, draw and label what happens at that structure on Diagram 6. Then describe the events in a bulleted list in Table 1. Animations Student Worksheet Thylakold stroma Thylakoid lumen What is happening with energy? 40Which of the following statements about the Calvin-Benson cycle is TRUE?
- A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake phase of the Calvin cycle, as freely moving CO2 molecules become fixed into a carbon skeleton. How can this occur without direct participation by NADPH and/or ATP?Describe the three steps of the Calvin cycle and whenATP and/or NADPH is needed.It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to noncyclicphotophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. Ineach of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase,decrease, or remain unchanged?(a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction ofnitrite (NO2-) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.)(b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensiveactive transport(c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C4 pathway
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Chloroplasts are illuminated until the levels of the Calvin cycle intermediatesreach a steady state. The light is then turned off . How does the level of RuBP vary after this point?What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
- Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.. It is believed that the ratio of cyclic photophosphorylation to non- cyclic photophosphorylation changes in response to metabolic demands. In each of the following situations, would you expect the ratio to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged? (a) Chloroplasts carrying out both the Calvin cycle and the reduction of nitrite (NO, ) to ammonia (This process does not require ATP.) (b) Chloroplasts carrying out not only the Calvin cycle but also extensive active transport (c) Chloroplasts using both the Calvin cycle and the C, pathwayDaniel Arnon and coworkers carried out experiments with intact, salt- washed chloroplasts to study photophosphorylation. When the chloroplasts were illuminated in the presence of ADP +P, ATP was produced, but oxygen was not produced or nor consumed. ATP formation was not accom- panied by a measurable electron transport involving any external electron donor or acceptor. The overall reaction for this result is: ADP + P -", ATP When NADP+ was included in addition to the ADP + P, ilumination of the intact chloroplats again resulted in resulted in the photophosphorylation of ADP to ATP. In addition, the NADPpt was reduced to NADPH + H* and o, was produced. Moreover, the light-induced reduction of NADP* was greatly decreased if ADP + P; were ommitted. The equation for this reaction is: NADP* + H,0 + ADP + R -", NADPH + H + ATP + }02 Briefly describe the mechanism(s) of these two types of photophosphoryla- tion that explain all of these results.
