How are the protein-digesting enzymes in pancreatic juice activated? What is the logic of this arrangement?
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How are the protein-digesting enzymes in pancreatic juice activated? What is the logic of this arrangement?
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- Why are micelles important in lipid digestion of products to be transported to the small intestinal surface for absorption?In the liver, what is the major regulation that dictates fate of pyruvate vs lactate? (This can tie into reading assignment!) a) Activation of MCT1 to transport lactate out of cell b) Activation of pyruvate carboxylase and conc dictating use of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibition of PDHC c) Activation of lactate dehydrogen, inactivation of pyruvate carboxylasease and PDHC d) Activation of lactate dehydrogenase and MCT1 (transporter)In germ-free mice, which harbor no intestinal bacteria, the O-linked oligosaccharides of intestinal glycoproteins tend to lack a terminal fucose residue (see Fig.). (a) What enzyme is not produced in normal quantities in these mice? (b) What monosaccharides tend to appear at the ends of O-linked oligosaccharides in these animals?
- For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true or false. [Select] [Select] The LDL particles are internalized through the endocytic pathway. A mutation that impairs the association of the LDL receptor with adaptin would cause depletion of LDL in the blood. [Select] In the endosome, the LDL particle dissociates from the LDL receptor because the pH in the endosome is higher than that in the transport vesicle. [Select] A mutation that impairs the recruitment of the LDL receptor into clathrin-coated vesicles would cause a decrease in cellular cholesterol level.Describe the symport process by which cells lining the small intestine import glucose. What ion is responsible for the transport, and what two particular features facilitate the energetically favored movement of this ion across the plasma membrane?What is the mechanism of the effect of urea as an inhibitor and NaCl as an activator in the activity of salivary α-amylase?
- Why are the protein-digesting enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted as the zymogen chymotrypsinogen?What are (a) brush border enzymes? (b) chylomicrons?Answer the following using the picture attached: A. How does pepsin differ from chymotrypsin in terms of its active site residues and mechanism? B. How do these changes permit pepsin to operate at such a low pH?