Heparin is a polyanionic polysaccharide that blocks elongation by RNA polymerase. But heparin inhibits only when added before the onset of transcription and not if added after transcription begins. Explain this difference.
Q: The following DNA nucleotides are found near the end of a bacterial transcription unit.…
A: Transcription is one of the two main processes essential for gene expression. In this process, the…
Q: What are the three basic stages of transcription? Describe what happens at each stage.
A: Transcription is process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA. It occurs…
Q: Why is the RNA polymerase/RNA/DNA duplex of the RNA polymerizing complex called transcription…
A: Transcription is the process of formation of an mRNA molecule from the DNA in the nucleus. It…
Q: the string of A nucleotide following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent terminator were…
A: Several mechanisms of regulation transcription termination are discovered in bacterium and…
Q: Is chromatin structure is altered in transcription? Explain
A: Solution- Chromatin- It is a thread like structure in nucleus. it's uncondensed molecules of DNA…
Q: For each of the following transcription factors, explain how eukaryotic transcriptional initiation…
A: A transcription factor is a sequence specific DNA-binding factor and upon binding to the DNA…
Q: What are the known exceptions to the genetic code?
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Why does the adenosine derivative cordycepin inhibit RNA synthesis and how does this support the…
A: The process of transcription involves the synthesis of RNA by DNA dependent RNA Polymerase.
Q: What is the production of RNA called and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the process?
A: Nucleic acids are the type of biomolecules that forms the genetic system of almost all living…
Q: Why it is that transcription & translation could be coupled in prokaryotic cell but not in…
A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…
Q: Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma…
A: Sigma (σ) factor is the peptide subunit needed for the initiation of RNA transcription in…
Q: How does C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA…
A: RNA polymerase II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of mRNA and…
Q: What could be the effect of a base substitution which prevents post-transcriptional removal of an…
A: A base substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed in the sequence…
Q: In transcription, what is/are the importance of the sense and missense/antisense strands
A: Transcription: The process of transcribing a piece of DNA into RNA is known as transcription.…
Q: What basal transcription factor unwinds the DNA during transcription initiation? Aside from…
A: Basal transcription factor is that protein which bind to a DNA sequence which helps in initiation of…
Q: Based on one strand of a certain segment of DNA with the sequence below, answer the following…
A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via…
Q: lthough the transcription start site begins at the underlined C/G, which of the following is the…
A: Answer- Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from the coding strand of DNA by the help of RNA…
Q: During the elongation phase of transcription, what molecule is being made? What enzyme is…
A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is formed from DNA. It happens in both prokaryotes and…
Q: What would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevents s from dissociating from the RNA…
A: RNA polymerase or DNA dependent RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the template…
Q: If a mutation occurred in the pRM promoter that rendered this promoter as ‘nonfunctional and unable…
A: Promoter sequence is present in the upstream of the gene sequence , is the part of dna where rna…
Q: During eukaryote transcription initiation, when TFIIE, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, and RNA pol II all join…
A: Transcription factor is a protein that binds to a specific region in DNA that controls the…
Q: In your own words, describe the difference between rhodependent and rho-independent termination of…
A: Introduction Transcription is the process by which any active gene is transcribed into mRNA by the…
Q: Transcriptional termination generally will include the transcription of an inverted repeat in that…
A: Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is transcribed onto the mRNA molecule…
Q: Why transcription initiation requires the assembly of transcription regulatory proteins on DNA sites…
A: Silencer components are positioned upstream of the genes that they manage while negative regulatory…
Q: Which of the following are considered a transcription activator?
A: option B) CAP protein in E.coli
Q: Explain why histone eviction or displacement is needed for the elongation phase of transcription to…
A: Histones : It is a basic protein that provides structural support to a chromosome. In order to fit…
Q: Difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is generated by DNA. The basic mechanism is the same in…
Q: During RNA chain elongation gyrase proceeds ahead of the transcription bubble in order to
A: This topic is based on transcription bubble.
Q: Why is it important for a transcription factor/activator to have a high affinity for a specific DNA…
A: Transcription is a metabolic process in which DNA sequence of the gene is copied into an RNA…
Q: A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the sigma…
A: The microbiology studies about both the diseases causing microbes and beneficiary microbes, about…
Q: process of eukaryotic transcription in detail and mention the specific enzyme
A: Transcription can be defined as the process of copying genetic information from one strand of the…
Q: What is the correct order of the general steps of transcription?
A: The general steps of transcription are : Initiation Elongation Termination
Q: Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which…
A: The synthesis of nascent RNA is a discontinuous process in which phases of productive elongation by…
Q: List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius…
A: RNA polymerase II is a multuprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA…
Q: A particular mutation in the bacterial sigma factor allows this protein to bind RNA polymerase but…
A: Answer - Option A - It will prevent the transcription termination exerted by the Rho protein
Q: What structural change occurs in the DNA when an “open” transcription initiation complex is formed?
A: When an “open” transcription initiation complex is formed then this leads to the…
Q: This diagram shows a double-stranded section of DNA. The arrow indicates location and strand of the…
A: Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA using DNA as template. This is possible with the…
Q: Why does histone deacetylase action tend to repress transcription?
A: Transcription is the process of producing messenger RNA. This mRNA synthesizes proteins which is…
Q: Which of the following is a required "reagent” in transcription?
A: The process of synthesizing RNA from the genetic information encoded by DNA is known as…
Q: In bacteria, a transcription experiment in vitro with purified RNA polymerase holoenzyme is fairly…
A: Bacteria are one of the type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of the prokaryotic…
Q: Many transcriptional activators are proteins with a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and an activation…
A: Introduction Protein is the key biomolecule in the biological system, any important physiological…
Q: Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma…
A: RNA polymerase is a multi-unit enzyme that uses transcription to create RNA molecules from a DNA…
Q: Measurements of RNA chain growth rates are often led astray by the phenomenon of pausing, in which…
A: RNA : It is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding,…
Q: Mention two effects that phosphorylation of the CTD tail of RNA polymerase II has on the…
A: The CTD is expanded as a C-terminal repeat domain. It is a type of unusual extension that has a…
Q: Why is protein N important in the transcription of cII?
A: CII is a DNA binding protein and acts as a transcriptional activator in the lambda phage. This…
Q: You are studying the rate of transcription of a particular eukaryotic gene. When the DNA located…
A: Transcription is copy of genetic information from DNA to RNA. Eukaryotic transcription is more…
Q: What is the complementarity rule that governs the synthesis of an RNA molecule during transcription?…
A: Complementarity is a property according to which two DNA or RNA strands bind with each other or new…
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- Di- and trinucleotides are occasionally released from RNA polymerase at the very start of transcription, a process called abortive cycling. This process requires the restart of transcription. Suggest a plausible explanation for abortive cycling.Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunit and bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begins moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why can't RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription? Be specific.Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunits or bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begin moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why cant RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription?
- Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.The concentration of free glutamine affects transcription of the enzyme glutamine synthetase in E. coli. Describe the mechanism of this effect.Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds. 2.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. 3.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. 4.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.
- What is meant by the term chromatin remodeling? Describe the importance of this process to transcription.What is meant by the term transcription factor modulation? List three general ways this can occur.The following logo plot represents the preferred cis-regulatory sequences (i.e. transcription factor binding site) of bHLH transcription factor FOSL1. C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 position Would you expect this sequence to be recognized by a monomer, a homodimer, or a heterodimer of the protein? Explain your answer. (short phrases are sufficient; please write your answer into the template below) A- В I A -l expect FOSL1 to bind as a: (monomer, homodimer, heterodimer; please choose) B - short explanation: information content (bit) !!
- 4.1 Name and discuss two transcription regulatory elements that can be found in the figure. (6)4.2. During the activation of eukaryotic transcription the promoter region needs to be accessible for the binding of transcription factors. Describe in detail one of the mechanisms involved in this process.Some organisms have mechanisms in place that will override transcription termination. One such mechanism using the Tat protein is employed by the HIV retrovirus. Explain why Tat is therefore a good target for HIV vaccination.Suppose that the string of A nucleotide following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent terminator were deleted, but the the inverted was left intact. How will this deletion affect transcription termination?