Glucose transporter present in erythrocytes is- A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4
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- Explain why the proteins involved in blood clotting, fi brin and thrombin, are fi rst synthesized as the zymogens fi brinogen and prothrombin, respectively.a skeletal muscle cell has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the NKA transporter affect cytosolic calcium concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Why?The inner leaflet (monolayer) of the human erythrocyte membrane consists predominantly of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. The outer leaflet consists predominantly of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Although the phospholipid components of the membrane can diffuse in the fluid bilayer, this sidedness is preserved at all times. How?
- If a skeletal muscle has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the following transporters affect cytosolic ion concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Skeletal Muscle Cell With Depleted ATP Stores Ion transporter Cytosolic K+ Cytosolic Na+ Cytosolic Ca2+ NKA NCX SERCADrawn on the picture is a skeletal muscle cell. It is surrounded by extracellular fluid high in oxygen, which has come from blood in a nearby capillary. The concentrations (measured as pressure) of oxygen (in units of millimeters of mercury) in the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid (ECF) are given. A. Is ATP required for this transport process to occur? Explain why or why not. B. Consider only the oxygen levels present in the cytoplasm and ECF as shown in the drawing above (no new oxygen is entering the region; no oxygen is leaving). What will the concentration of oxygen in the cytoplasm be when equilibrium is reached?(b) The GLUT system is highly selective for glucose. It also speeds up the rate of glucose transport across the membrane by as much as 100-fold when compared to the passive diffusion of glucose across a bilayer in the absence of any transport system. While impressive, this rate of transport is much slower than purely diffusion limited rate of movement (ie. the fastest a molecule can move by diffusion). Given this fact, on the blank plot below draw the expected relationship between the rate of GLUT-mediated transport and increasing [glucose]? Use the space below the graph to explain your answer. fast Transport Rate slow low [glucose] high (c) Next, use a dashed line on the same plot above to draw the shape of the curve when the amount of GLUT transporters in the membrane is cut in half. Briefly explain your answer in the space provided below the graph.
- In all human cells, there is a higher concentration of calcium ions outside of thecell than on the inside of the cell. Calcium pumps are primary active transportproteins that help to maintain this imbalance. Describe how calcium pumpswork, including the direction of ion transport and the source of energy of thecalcium pumps.Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule with lipid solubility similar to that of O2 and CO2. Endothelial cells lining arteries use NO to signal surrounding smooth muscle cells to relax, thereby increasing blood flow. What mechanism or mechanisms would transport NO from where it is produced in the cytoplasm of an endothelial cell into the cytoplasm of a smooth muscle cell, where it acts?The contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in Ca?+ levels in the cytosol. For these cells to relax, an antiport removes Ca?+ from the cytosol for every Nat that is taken in. Digitalis is a drug that is used to make the heart contract more strongly. This drug partially inhibits the Na*-K* ATPase in the cardiac cells. Applying the concepts from membrane transport, answer the following: a. Propose an explanation for the drug's effect. b. What will likely happen if too much of the drug is taken in? Why do you say so?
- An important aspect of cell metabolism is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Molecules generally move down an electrochemical gradient however in many instances the opposite is required. Explain how transporters can move molecules against their electrochemical gradient – discuss the mechanism of action of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps and sodium-glucose co-transporters in your answer.Explain the cell response to FED, and then FASTED states, by glucose transporter (GLUT)-4. (answer in point form preferred)pQLScB3CBS-8U2yQp5UAPJA-R3spS6YB8srqTGBoSwdXc_EattnA/viewform dvisor Main... My Drive - Google... Your answer What is the difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport? The sodium potassium pump * Job Listing - USF... WT Enrollment Requir... Is a symporter Can be blocked with drugs Controls intracellular chloride and potassium concentrations Is a glycolipid Breaks down ATP in order to generate energy ATP can be broken down to generate energy * True False A copy of your responses will be emailed to lc21-0506@lclark.edu. Submit Chemic Cle
