Genetic drift often occurs when there is a founder event because Because the founding population is usually composed of individuals with greater fitness (like strength) than individuals in the original population. Because the founding population is almost never a perfectly random sample of the original population. Because the founding population usually experiences high mortality during the founding event. Because the founding population usually experiences very different selection than the original population.

Genetic drift often occurs when there is a founder event because Because the founding population is usually composed of individuals with greater fitness (like strength) than individuals in the original population. Because the founding population is almost never a perfectly random sample of the original population. Because the founding population usually experiences high mortality during the founding event. Because the founding population usually experiences very different selection than the original population.

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter11: Evolution And Its Processes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into...

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Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?
In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic drift
Different members of the same species are geographically isolated for many generations. What will likelyhappen to the populations? The two populations will evolve the same future traits because they are starting with similar genetic material. Random recombination will ensure that the two populations evolve in a similar manner. Each population will evolve different traits influenced by their specific environments. One of the populations will fail to evolve because it was removed from its natural environment.
The original source of new alleles, upon which selection operates,is mutation, a random event that occurs without regard to selectionalvalue in the organism. Although many model organismshave been used to study mutational events in populations, someinvestigators have developed abiotic molecular models. Soll et al.(2006. Genetics 175:267–275) examined one such model to studythe relationship between both deleterious and advantageousmutations and population size in a ligase molecule composed ofRNA (a ribozyme). Soll found that the smaller the population ofmolecules, the more likely it was that not only deleterious mutationsbut also advantageous mutations would disappear. Whywould population size influence the survival of both types ofmutations (deleterious and advantageous) in populations?
If both the forces of mutation and natural selection are acting on this population from generation to generation (and have been acting on this population for many many generations), what do you predict will happen to allele frequencies over successive generations? Allele frequencies will remain constant The frequency of the D allele will increase The frequency of the d allele will increase
Consider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?
Which of the following is TRUE about genetic drift? Select one: It may lead to an allele becoming fixed in a population. It increases the frequency of rare alleles in a population. It increases the number of heterozygotes in a population. It is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population.
According to the principle of Hardy-Weinberg, which of the following will NOT change the frequencies of genotypes in a population? Select one: Genetic drift Natural selection Mutation Random mating
The evolution of a qualitative trait in reponse to natural selection is described by the following equation, R=h2 S a) What is S and what does it measure? b) Describe a study that woukd allow you to estimate S in a real population.
In a particular population of mice, certain individualsdisplay a phenotype called short tail, which is inherited as a dominant trait. Some individuals display arecessive trait called dilute, which affects coat color.Which of these traits would be easier to eliminatefrom the population by selective breeding? Why?
Gene flow often increases genetic diversity of populations that come together. Which of these is an example of when gene flow could reduce genetic diversity if two populations (Population A and Population B) come together? O The offspring with parents from population A and B have low survival because they are not adapted to the environment. O Individuals from population A have an allele that is not found in population B. O Individuals from population B have an allele that is not found in population B O Population A only has homozygous recessive alleles and population B only has homozygous dominant alleles.
In the modern reckoning of evolution by natural selection, what is the most important feature that allows an allele to be more represented over time in a population? The allele makes the organisim stronger. The allele allows the organisim to produce more breeding offspring. The allele allows the organisim to eat more readily. The allele allows the organsims to escape predators readily.