Q: Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which…
A: B cell expresses receptors ,that are specific to distinct antigen, is determined before…
Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…
A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…
Q: Describe the function of B Cells in Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response.
A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological mechanism that can recognize and accept what belongs to…
Q: What kinds of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects, and combined defects?
A: “Primary immunodeficiency” diseases are the results of genetic or hereditary defects. Some examples…
Q: Describe how B cells produce a great variety of differentantibodies, each specific for a particular…
A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…
Q: How are B cells activated, what events are involved in this process,and what happens after B cells…
A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…
Q: Diagram the sequence of events in an antibody-mediated response, including the role of helper T…
A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…
Q: Please answer fast Which type of cells normally drive class switching to IgE and how? How might the…
A: Answer
Q: Explain the two processes by which B-cells are activated to inactivate an antigen?
A: B cells are activated mainly by either of the two processes - PROCESS 1- B cells are activated…
Q: Where do B cells acquire immunocompetence? Where do T cells do so?
A: B -cells acquire immunocompetence in Bone Marrow and T-cells acquire immunocompetence in Thymus.
Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.
A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…
Q: Explain why most immune reactions result in a polyclonal collection of antibodies.
A: Polyclonal antibodies are synthesized by injecting an immunogen into an animal (mouse) and the…
Q: Describe how secondary B cell responses aredeveloped.
A: Immunology is a part of science that covers the investigation of immune frameworks altogether living…
Q: List and describe the steps of B-cell activation and list the types of B cells produced in this…
A: Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells(WBCs) or leukocytes and play a major role in protecting…
Q: How are B cells that are self-reactive in the lymph nodes are handled? How is it detected? Does it…
A: The lymphatic system consists of a group of cells or immune cells that inhabits all the organs of…
Q: Describe three ways in which B cells and T cells are similar and atleast five major ways in which…
A: Lymphocytes belong to the category of white blood cells and serve the function of immunity. As its…
Q: How are B cells activated?
A: Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals. It delivers necessary substances such as oxygen…
Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?
A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…
Q: Describe the relationship between T cell activation and Antigen Presenting Cell.
A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…
Q: If an antigen mutates, will the same lymphocytes recognize it?
A: BASIC INFORMATION IMMUNE SYSTEM it defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…
Q: Explain the effect of Th on B cells
A: B cells or B lymphocytes are a kind of leucocytes that are involved in humoral immunity. They are…
Q: Explain the T cell clonal selection ?
A: The helper T cells or TH cells are the type of T cells that have a role in the adaptive immune…
Q: What immunoglobulin is expressed on the surface of B cells that identify them as immature? mature?…
A: IMMUNOGLOBULIN- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules generated by…
Q: Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell…
A: The response of B-cell includes two events that take place in different regions and at different…
Q: Many cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the…
A: Introduction Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and…
Q: Describe the role of non- specific macrophages and explain the structure of an antibody molecule.
A: The immune system of the body protects the organisms from the harmful pathogen. Pathogens are the…
Q: Although we lumped all lymphocytes together (normal and unusually large ones), what is the correct…
A: Adaptive immunity is the immunity developed after the body encounters the antigen and it removes the…
Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…
A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen. B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…
Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.
A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…
Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering
A: B cell also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…
Q: Identify the process shown in Diagram 2 . What is the function of the T cell in this process?
A: B cells mediates antigen-specific immunoglobulin production to fight against pathogens.
Q: . In the muscular disease myasthenia gravis, antibodiesbind to and block certain receptors on muscle…
A: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune system, neuromuscular ailment that causes shortcoming in…
Q: What is the function of B cells?
A: B lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.
Q: describe the process of B-cell activation after a pathogen was recognized and bound to the B-cell…
A: B cell is commonly known as B lymphocytes is a category of white blood cells. B cell function in the…
Q: How is a cytotoxic T cell like a natural killer (NK) cell?How are they different?
A: The immune system of the body protects the body from foreign invaders. It protects the body from any…
Q: In what way does the T cell’s membrane receptors differ from the B cell’s membrane receptor? In…
A: B cells and T cells are lymphocytes (white blood cells) , they are made in bone marrows and work to…
Q: hat is the role of B cells?
A: Lymphocytes are white blood cells that also function as immune cells in the body. They are produced…
Q: Describe the process by which a B cell possessing a particular antigen receptor is expanded into a…
A: In immunology, the B cells are the antibody producing cell which is a part of the lymphocytes. The…
Q: Define cytotoxic T cell
A: Two types of lymphocytes are known. These are B cells and T cells. These are involved in adaptive…
Q: What kind of symptoms accompany B-cell defects, T-cell defects,and combined defects, and why is this…
A: Primary diseases are congenital and generally originating due to errors in genetic makeup. The…
Q: What are the functions of Cytotoxic T cell markers?
A: T lymphocytes are the important cells in the cell-mediated immune response. There are different…
Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described as “cell-mediated”?
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- Distinguish between a. neutrophil and macrophage b. cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell c. effector cell and memory cell d. antigen and antibodyExplain the two processes by which B-cells are activated to inactivate an antigen?T cells can differentiate into 5 different subsets of helper T cells. Answer the following questions for TH1 cells: A) In general, list three unique factors that differentiate the TH1 subset from the other subsets. B) For each of those factors identified in A, provide one specific example that applies to TH1 cells. C) What type of pathogens are targeted by the TH1 cells?
- If an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the immune responses mediated by antibodies and those mediated by cytotoxic T cells? Hint: Think how helper T cells and B cells are functionally related,Which of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsName the 4 types of T cells and give the function of each one. (note: Suppressor T cell is also known as Regulatory T cell)
- Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T cells promote the immunological defenses provided by cytotoxic T cells and by B cells.B cell-receptors differ from T cell-receptors in that ________. A) B cell-receptors are immunoglobulins similar to those that are secreted, whereas T cell-receptors are not immunoglobulins and are never secreted B) T cell-receptors are much smaller than B cell-receptors C) All of the choices reflect differences between B cell- and T cell-receptors. D) B cell-receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell-receptors are made up of two polypeptidesList the subclasses of T-helper cells and state the type(s) of the pathogen(s) targeted by each?
- All of the following cells directly incorporate antigens into their structures, EXCEPT: A). Antigen presenting cells. B). Helper T cells C). B cells D). Killer T cellsIn what way does the T cell’s membrane receptors differ from the B cell’s membrane receptor? In other words, what will each bind to?When a helper T cell releases interleukin-1 to stimulate other leukocytes during antigen presentation, interleukin-1 is acting as a(n):