Answered: Explain Mendel’s principles of…

Explain Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment, given what scientists now know about genes and chromosomes.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2QP: The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall...

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

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When Gregor Mendel was working in the mid 1800s, scientists had not yet discovered chromosomes or meiosis. However, we now understand how Mendel's principles are rooted in the events of meiosis. As an example of this, state Mendel's principle of independent assortment and explain how it relates to independent assortment in meiosis.
Please explain and give the name of the 3 Mendel's laws.
Explain how Mendel’s interpretation of his pea plant experiments would have changed if he did not use pure breeding, homozygous genotypes in his P1 generation, but instead used heterozygotes.
Draw out the guinea pig cross that Castle uses to illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment. Draw both the phenotypic states and the genotypic states of the F2.
Mendel knew that some traits could be closely associated. Mendel said that those traits were essentially the same trait. Could Mendel be including traits that were very closely linked or that were due to the same genetic factor? Did he need to distinguish between these two possibilities in order to reject them as evidence for his Law of Independent Assortment? Why or why not?
Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel.
Explain how Mendel used the hybridization of pea plants as a model for his Laws of inheritance.
With use of Punnett diagrams discuss how the results of experiments carried out by Austrian monk Gregor Mendel on pea plants brought aboutthe Law of Dominance, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent assortment.
The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. Use the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment to explain how the passage of genes from parents to offspring (as alleles) ensures the perpetuation of parental traits in offspring and genetic variation among offspring. Describe briefly how Mendel demonstrated each of these laws.
The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?
As you know Mendel’s main contribution to genetics was his proposing a model of particulate inheritance. This discovery contradicted the widely held belief that blending inheritance was the true theory that explained hereditary traits. One advantage that Mendel had in choosing garden peas (Pisum sativum) was that he could either allow the pea flowers on a plant to self-pollinate or he could deliberately cross-pollinate the flowers. For his single locus crosses of pure-breeding lines, he would take the F2 offspring of the dominant phenotype (such as yellow seeds) and ensure that each yellow-seeded plant would self-pollinate. He was able to show that 1/3 of all the yellow-seeded plants in this generation bred true while the other 2/3 of the yellow seeded plants showed segregation. Do you believe that this extra experiment gave additional important evidence for the particulate theory of inheritance or did the offspring from the F1 x F1 cross provide enough evidence of Mendel’s First Law?…
Using Mendel’s lines of peas, describe how you would use a test cross experimental design to determine the genotype of a pea plant with purple flowers. Be very specific in describing your experimental design and how you would interpret your results based on the proportion of offspring phenotypes. Make sure to include all possible offspring phenotypes in your answer and what the proportion of phenotypes tells you about the purple plant genotype.