Explain how the Stop-and-Wait protocol in the Data Link layer detects duplicate retransmissions of frames. Describe a disadvantage of using that protocol.
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Explain how the Stop-and-Wait protocol in the Data Link layer detects duplicate retransmissions of frames. Describe a disadvantage of using that protocol.
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- A framing protocol deploys the bit stuffing for the data transmission process. Frame that is transmitted across the link is 01011111 01110011111 00 11111 111110. Mark the stuffed bits in this sequence.In a byte-oriented link layer protocol, the receiver adds all the bytes between the start and end marker bytes (not including those markers) modulo 239, and expects to get a result of 0 if there have been no errors. The byte immediately before the end marker is a checksum, chosen at the transmitter to make this possible. The probability of an error in any received bit is 0.00075 . The total length of the frame is 205 bytes (including start and end markers). Estimate the probability of errors occurring in the received frame but not being detected. You need to consider what combinations of bit errors could cause the error detection system to fail (i.e, conclude that there are no errors). As you are asked for an estimate, you need only consider the most likely scenarios - it is safe to ignore events that could only occur with much lower probability. Round your answer to three significant figures. As the probability will be very low in some cases, you may have to enter up to 7 digits after…Data collision is caused when many senders access the media at the same time; in order to avoid this, what protocol(s) are available, and at what layer(s) do they operate? Are these protocols able to provide a transport that is free of collisions? In the event that this is not the case, what other potential solutions are available for fixing the issue?
- The following bit stream : 0111110001010011111111100101111111111110 represents data that needs to be framed by the link layer on the sender’s side. Derive the resultant bit stream by adding necessary flag bits and performing bits stuffing. assume that the link layer uses the flag bits with bit stuffing approach for framing, with the following details: The beginning and end of a data frame are indicated by the special flag bits 01111110 (i.e., 0x7E). To handle accidental occurrence of the flag bits within the data, a 0 bit is stuffed every time 5 consecutive 1s are found in the data. For simplicity, assume that no other header/trailer information is added to the data. I got this answer below but it is wrong. 0111111001111100001010011111011110010111110111111011001111110A 4480-octet datagram is to be transmitted and needs to be fragmented because it will pass through an Ethernet with a maximum payload of 1500 octets. Show the Total Length, More Flag, and Fragment Offset values in each of the resulting fragments.Suppose, through the Data link layer a message is passing from Sender to Receiver. That message contains 6 bit. During message passing- 2nd, 5th and 6th bit contains bad checksum. Now calculate the total time for that message's successfully transfer.
- In a bus CSMA/CD network with a data rate of 10 Mbps, a collision occurs 20 μs after the first bit of the frame leaves the sending station. What should the length of the frame be so that the sender can detect the collision?What are the benefits and drawbacks of various access methods based on random access? Why does the slotted ALOHA protocol have twice the channel use of pure Aloha?QUESTION 5 The use of start and end flags allows data link layer frames.... to be sent asynchronously to not need zero bit insertion to avoid using a length field to be variable in size
- What assumptions have been made in Elementary data link protocols?In a selective repeat sliding window protocol the bandwidth of the link is 10 Mbps. The size of the frame is 10 KB and the one-way delay is 100 msec. If the efficiency of the protocol is 60 % then the minimum number of sequence bits that are required for the protocol is?A bit string, 0111101111101111110, needs to be transmitted at the data link layer: What is the string actually transmitted after bit stuffing?