Enumerate and give at least 5 unique mechanisms employed by organisms in order to determine the sex of the offspring. In each case, give an example of a species which represent such a scheme of producing sex(y) descendants. Put reference Mechanism Example 1 2 3 4 5 What evolutionary forces drive the turnover of these sex determination mechanisms?

Enumerate and give at least 5 unique mechanisms employed by organisms in order to determine the sex of the offspring. In each case, give an example of a species which represent such a scheme of producing sex(y) descendants. Put reference Mechanism Example 1 2 3 4 5 What evolutionary forces drive the turnover of these sex determination mechanisms?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter11: Meiosis: The Cellular Basis Of Sexual Reproduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ITD

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In C. elegans there are two sexes: hermaphrodite and male. Sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to haploid sets of autosomes (X/A). An X/A ratio of 1.0 produces a hermaphrodite (XX), and an X/A ratio of 0.5 results in a male (XO). In the 1970s, Jonathan Hodgkin and Sydney Brenner carried out genetic screens to identify mutations in three genes that result in either XX males (tra-1, tra-2) or XO hermaphrodites (her-1). Double-mutant strains were constructed to assess for epistatic interactions between the genes (see table). Propose a genetic model of how the her and tra genes control sex determination.
we discuss various mechanisms of sex determination, including the XX/XY system of placental mammals, and the ZZ/ZW system of birds. Monotremes, the most primitive mammals, have a very intriguing sex determination scheme that shares elements of both of these systems. Please use the internet to learn more about how sex in monotremes is determined. Then write a short essay (300-400 words) describing this system and comparing/contrasting it to the XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems.
For each of the following, identify what characteristics of a species male and female karyotype would indicate that mechanism of sex-determination. Genic XY sex chromosomes ZW sex chromosomes Haplo-diploid genomes XO sex chromosomes Environmental [Choose ] [C [C [C [C [C ✓ [Choose ] More than one answer is correct Females have one more chromosome compared to males Females have twice as many chromosomes compared to males Females show a pair of differentiated sex chromosomes Males show a pair of differentiated sex chromosomes No visible difference
Some marine fishes exhibit a spectacular polyphenism, in that individuals can, under special circumstances, change their sex from female to male (in other species, the switch goes from male to female). This developmental change involves reproductive organs, hormones, and mating behavior (Warner 1984). In some species, the removal of a dominant, breeding male from a cluster of females triggers a sex change in the largest female present. Identify the apparent developmental restrictions imposed on this system, such as the requirement that a female be transformed into a male rather than some sort of intermediate sex. Speculate on the benefits associated with each restriction.
X-value 0.95 0.84 2.72 7.83 Y-value 0.86 0.84 0.8 0.73
How does independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
In what ways does sexual reproduction contribute to diversity? Describe the unpredictability of meiotic partner selection, random distribution, and crossover.
What specific observations (evidence) support the conclusions about sex determination in Drosophila and humans? Sort each observation to the appropriate bin. If an observation applies to both Drosophila and humans, sort it to the "Both" bin. If an observation does not apply to either Drosophila or humans, sort it to the "Neither" bin. Reset Help Three sets of autosomes per X chromosome are required for male fertility. Sex chromosomes are heteromorphic. Maleness is determined by lack of X chromosomes. Triploid individuals (3n) could be phenotypically normal females. XO individuals are male. More than one Y chromosome is needed for maleness. Diploid XXY individuals are abnormal males. Drosophila only Humans only Both Neither Submit Request Answer
What distinguishes asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction? What benefit does sexual reproduction confer to species? What is the value of genetic diversity? Why? In what ways does sexual reproduction contribute to diversity? Describe the unpredictability of meiotic partner selection, random distribution, and crossover.
what process is important for creating genetic variability among organisms that reproduce primarily by asexual means?
The continuity is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. Explain how chromosome behavior during sexual reproduction in animals ensures perpetuation of parental traits in offspring and at the same time, genetic variation among offspring.
Which of the following would not be considered a component of sexual reproduction? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer a Production of eges and sperm in separate sexes in an animal species b. Gradual acquisition of multiple mutations in a purely mitotically dividing eukaryotic single celled organism Occasional production of diploids through fusions of cells of opposite mating types in a yeast that largely reproduces through clonal mitotic divisions "Alteration of generations" between haploid and diploid organisms in a fern

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Enumerate and give at least 5 unique mechanisms employed by organisms in order to determine the sex of the offspring. In each case, give an example of a species which represent such a scheme of producing sex(y) descendants. Put reference
Mechanism	Example
1
2
3
4
5
What evolutionary forces drive the turnover of these sex determination mechanisms?