Earnhart Corporation has outstanding 3,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $10 each. The balance in its Retained Earnings account at January 1, 2020, was $24,000,000, and it then had Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock of $5,000,000. During 2020, the company's net income was $4,700,000. A cash dividend of $0.60 a share was declared on May 5, 2020, and was paid June 30, 2020, and a 6% stock dividend was declared on November 30, 2020, and distributed to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 31, 2020. You have been asked to advise on the proper accounting treatment of the stock dividend. The existing stock of the company is quoted on a national stock exchange. The market price of the stock has been as follows. October 31, 2020 $31 November 30, 2020 $34 December 31, 2020 $38 Instructions a. Prepare the journal entry to record the declaration and payment of the cash dividend. b. Prepare the journal entry to record the declaration and distribution of the stock dividend. c. Prepare the stockholders’ equity section (including schedules of retained earnings and additional paid-in capital) of the balance sheet of Earnhart Corporation for the year 2020 on the basis of the foregoing information. Draft a note to the financial statements setting forth the basis of the accounting for the stock dividend, and add separately appropriate comments or explanations regarding the basis chosen.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Earnhart Corporation has outstanding 3,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $10 each. The balance in its Retained Earnings account at January 1, 2020, was $24,000,000, and it then had Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock of $5,000,000. During 2020, the company's net income was $4,700,000. A cash dividend of $0.60 a share was declared on May 5, 2020, and was paid June 30, 2020, and a 6% stock dividend was declared on November 30, 2020, and distributed to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 31, 2020. You have been asked to advise on the proper accounting treatment of the stock dividend.
The existing stock of the company is quoted on a national stock exchange. The market price of the stock has been as follows.
| October 31, 2020 |
$31
|
| November 30, 2020 |
$34
|
| December 31, 2020 |
$38
|
Instructions
a. Prepare the
b. Prepare the journal entry to record the declaration and distribution of the stock dividend.
c. Prepare the
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