Describe how the nervous system and the endocrine system work together in the fight-flight response. Be specific with what parts of the nervous system are at play the signal pathway, what is released/secreted and what response they create.
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- The nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis. These two systems differ in terms of method of communication, speed of communication, duration of response, target pathway, and actions of effectors.Select the FOUR statements below that describe the endocrine system. Sends hormones via the bloodstream Sends hormones via neural pathways or electrochemical transmission Fast-acting (milliseconds) Slow-acting (minutes/hours/days) Causes glands to secrete or muscles to contract Causes changes in metabolic activities Acts on specific glands or muscles Sends hormones to a broad range of target cellsIn 5-7 sentences. Provide a narrative overview of the function of the receptor including: The extracellular signal that acts as the ligand for the receptor The physiological response that is induced The benefits of this pathway to the cell/organismThe propagation and reception of signals between nerve cells must happen quickly, in order for an organism to respond to stimuli appropriately. Because of that, the majority of neurotransmitters fall into which category? -Autocrine -Paracrine -Endocrine -Direct signaling
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding different modes of chemical communication? a endocrine signaling can only be used to communicate with cells of the same tissue b neurohormone signaling would have a shorter duration than autocrine c neural signaling would be longer lasting than neurohormone d neural signaling would be faster than neurohormone e paracrine signaling requires a link to the blood supplyPositive feedback loops are used in chemical messaging in the body. Below is a list of steps that describe how a positive feedback system works in chemical messaging. The list is out of order. Placed the list in the proper order. 1. A sensor in a persons finger senses a change in the bloodstream. 2. The chemical messenger triggers the production of a specialized protein in the finger in response to the original signal. 3. A chemical messenger is released from the brain and travels to the finger. 4. As the specialized protein is made in the finger, it triggers the production of even more specialized protein. 5. The brain determines that conditions are no longer in homeostasis.Cortisol is synthesized and secreted from the adrenal glands in times of stress and travels via the circulatory system to distant cells, exemplify signaling. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a autocrine. endocrine. juxtacrine. d paracrine.
- Which type of receptor is the insulin receptor? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a lon channel. Protein kinase receptor. G-protein coupled receptor. d Cytoplasmic receptor. e Nuclear receptor.Draw a table to differentiate Nervous System from the Endocrine System in terms of the following: 1. Molecules released 2. Site of action 3. Types of target cells 4. Onset of action 5. Duration of actionName and explain 5 modes of hormonal/neuroendocrine and neuronal signaling. Choose one and describe in a great detail listing cells, receptors, organs, and pathway.
- READ: They key to large-scale communication in the entire nervous system is the ability to pass nerve impulses on a small scale from one neuron to the next so that signals can be transmitted throughout the entire body. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, and is the critical space that mediates the transfer of a signal from the presynaptic neuron (the sender) to the postsynaptic neuron (the receiver) or even an effector cell (like a gland or muscle cell.) You circled a synapse in Model 1. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses transmit electrical signals via gap junctions. A channel protein connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent neurons so that ions can flow directly from one cell to another to pass on the signal. However, the most common type of synapse is a chemical synapse. These utilize chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, to transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft. This is a slower process, but allows for much greater precision…Which of the following statements is true? Chemical messengers within cells are always the main determinant of the effector response. Dual innervation is always present in all organs and glands; one branch enhances the function or secretion, while the other branch inhibits it. The beating of the heart is regulated only by the sympathetic division. Some blood vessels contain alpha adrenergic receptors that cause vasoconstriction in the presence of epinephrine, whereas others have beta adrenergic receptors that cause vasodilation in the presence of epinephrine.Compare the nervous and endocrine systems in terms of action, effect, duration of action, molecules, and types of target cells.