== Definition 5.14. The function N: Z[i] \ {0} Z20. sti|s+ti|2 = s²+t² is called the norm on Z[i]. Proposition 5.15. The ring Z[i] is a Euclidean domain with valuation N, and hence also a PID. Proof. Let R = Z[i]. Note that N(a) ≥1 for all a € R\ {0}. So for a, b € R\ {0}, N(ab) = |ab|² = a²b² ≥ a2 N(a), and (ED1) is satisfied. Let a, b € R with b 0. Write a s+ti and b = u+vi with s, t, u, v € Z. We can form the quotient =1+mi Є C, where 1, m Є R. [To check (ED2), we want to use l+mi to define L+MI with L, M € Z as the element q in the expression a=qb+r we are looking for.] Let L, M Є Z be such that | L| ≤ ½ and m - M|≤ [such L, M can always be found]. Then =L+Mi + (1 L) + (m − M)i. Multiplying by b, we have Since a- done. a = (L+ Mi)b+ ((1 − L) + (m − M)i)b. - (L+ Mi)b Z[i], the term (1- L+ (m - M)i)b is in Z[i], too. If it is 0, we are So assume (L+(mM)i)b 0 (sol- L+ (mM)i 0). We have: N((I – L) + (m − M)i)b) = - |l-L+(m − M)i|³|b|ª S (+) ((글)2- + (-1)³) 16/2 = 16/2 N(b)
== Definition 5.14. The function N: Z[i] \ {0} Z20. sti|s+ti|2 = s²+t² is called the norm on Z[i]. Proposition 5.15. The ring Z[i] is a Euclidean domain with valuation N, and hence also a PID. Proof. Let R = Z[i]. Note that N(a) ≥1 for all a € R\ {0}. So for a, b € R\ {0}, N(ab) = |ab|² = a²b² ≥ a2 N(a), and (ED1) is satisfied. Let a, b € R with b 0. Write a s+ti and b = u+vi with s, t, u, v € Z. We can form the quotient =1+mi Є C, where 1, m Є R. [To check (ED2), we want to use l+mi to define L+MI with L, M € Z as the element q in the expression a=qb+r we are looking for.] Let L, M Є Z be such that | L| ≤ ½ and m - M|≤ [such L, M can always be found]. Then =L+Mi + (1 L) + (m − M)i. Multiplying by b, we have Since a- done. a = (L+ Mi)b+ ((1 − L) + (m − M)i)b. - (L+ Mi)b Z[i], the term (1- L+ (m - M)i)b is in Z[i], too. If it is 0, we are So assume (L+(mM)i)b 0 (sol- L+ (mM)i 0). We have: N((I – L) + (m − M)i)b) = - |l-L+(m − M)i|³|b|ª S (+) ((글)2- + (-1)³) 16/2 = 16/2 N(b)
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
13th Edition
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Swokowski
Chapter5: Inverse, Exponential, And Logarithmic Functions
Section5.1: Inverse Functions
Problem 18E
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