Q: Define the term up-regulation?
A: The smallest unit of life is the cells. Every cell has cellular receptors, either inside it or on…
Q: What is the relationship between the cooling of organs and tissues for medical transplants and the…
A: For patients with a terminal illness, organ transplantation is the most effective therapy. The…
Q: How do you measure the degree of occurrence of oxidative stress on the membrane?
A: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to certain molecules and thus helps to maintain the…
Q: Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis? Atkins Diet Exercise…
A: Ketosis is a metabolic condition that occurs naturally. It entails the body generating ketone bodies…
Q: What term do we use to describe the by-product that results when a chemical is metabolized in a…
A: The chemical substances that are administered into the body of patients primarily for improving…
Q: Which of the following would not be considered a reason for the decline in fat oxidation with…
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process that occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to break fatty…
Q: Match the effector organs for growth below with the goal of their response. (Choose] liver growth in…
A: Several tissues and organs utilizes different functional aspects to grow. Some utilizes energy and…
Q: Which of the following describes the changes in metabolic pathways that occur during exercise?…
A: Metabolic pathways are the interconnected pathways that occur inside the cells. These can be…
Q: What will happen if cell inoculum density is more than 300
A: Introduction The population of microbes or cells injected into the fermentation medium, or any other…
Q: State Two points to support the statement below, using adequate and sufficient information to…
A: Humans have 13 vitamins, which are categorized based on their solubility. Nine vitamins are…
Q: Define the term phosphatidate.
A: Phosphatidate enzyme (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in triacylglycerol synthesis. PAP plays an…
Q: 41) Plants A) Old forms of insulin 41) 42) Humans and Animals B) Fentanyl 42) 43) Minerals C) Tissue…
A: The old forms of insulin were derived from the cattle and pigs. It was used for a long time for the…
Q: Why must competent cells be kept on ice?
A: Many bacteria species can acquire the DNA from the environment, naturally. The Ecoli, however, is…
Q: Define adsorption
A: Adsorption is a chemical process by which a substance is assimilated into another substance. Here we…
Q: elect the correct pairing of a term and the physiological process it is associated with. A.…
A: Ans B. peristalsis – digestion
Q: Differentiate between thigmotropism and chemotropism.
A: Tropism is a phenomenon mostly seen in plants in which plant organs tends to grow or move towards…
Q: Describe the mechanism for ciliary/flagellar movement shown in the diagram below. Force Generation
A: The main components of cilia and flagella that help in movement are-> an ATPase protein, dyenin…
Q: Which of the following substances inhibits PFK-1 enzyme? A. AMP B. Glucose-6-P04 C. Citrate D.…
A: A is incorrect Reason: PFK-1 is inhibited allosterically by high levels of ATP and AMP reverses…
Q: effects of ketosis in the body
A: Ketosis can be defined as the process that occurs when our body does not have enough carbohydrates…
Q: What describes an action of activated G protein?
A: G-protein-coupled receptors contain a diverse group of membrane-bound signaling molecules. G-protein…
Q: Marco is given an immortal cell line of epithelial cells to dilute. The initial concentration is…
A: Serial dilution is a process in which the sample is diluted in a series of a standard volume of…
Q: How is the cooling of organs and tissues for medical transplants associated with the effect of…
A: A group of cells that have same structure and act together to carry out a particular function is…
Q: What is C-reactive protein?
A: Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units known as amino acids that are…
Q: The effects of Biomaterials on Tissue are listed below , which ones are not among these effects ?…
A: Biomaterials are considered natural or synthesized substances, which can be processed or engineered…
Q: Heat generation by brown adipose tissue cells is referred to as _____________.
A: Thermogenesis is the process by which the heat is produced within the cells of the body to raise the…
Q: Extra non-protein units that help enzymes are called a. cofactors b. helper cells c. companion cells…
A: Enzymes are biocatalyst that increases the speed of reaction by lowering the activation…
Q: Each statement describes a phase of pharmacokinetics. Put the statements in order, with 1 indicating…
A: Pharmacokinetics: This is a branch under this we study the following things about drugs: -Drug…
Q: Describe how pyrogen contributes to form hyperthermia in human body?
A: Hyperthermia is defined as a group of heat-related conditions that is characterized by the presence…
Q: What is the Warburg effect? Whywould cancer cells favor such inefficient metabolism?
A: Via the oxidation of its carbon bonds, glucose, the essential macronutrient, allows energy to be…
Q: Why do the BP and HR change with drops in temperature? Explain the physiologic mechanism behind…
A: Blood pressure ( BP) is the pressure exterted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels during…
Q: A Greek pharmacist namely Claudius Galen is honored from his work called ____ which has similarities…
A: Claudius Galenus, an anatomist, physiologist, doctor, and researcher, is known as the "Father of…
Q: Define the following terms:a. microfilamentb. F-actinc. G-actind. ameboid movemente. intermediate…
A: The polymer of the protein actin which form the cytoskeleton of the cell is called microfilament. G…
Q: Explain the role of cellular trasport mechanism in making sure to keep the normal temperature of the…
A: A cell is a mass of cytoplasm that is bound remotely by a cell membrane. Typically tiny in size,…
Q: Identify if True or False The activated form of glucose that serves as glucose donor for glycogen…
A: Glycogen synthase is converted into the active form by the action of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1).…
Q: During a temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiment it is observed that the temperature of a…
A: Gases expand on supplying heat. The same mole of a gas occupies a larger volume at high temperature…
Q: Will a patient be able to exercise normally if her cells contained normal levels of amino acids,…
A: Given, Normal level of amino acid Normal level of oxygen Low level of glucose
Q: Define the following terms: a. respiratory control b. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle c. uncoupling…
A: Metabolism includes all the chemical reactions that take place inside the cell.
Q: Define:a. apoptosisb. gangrene
A: The cells undergo changes in response to physiological or pathological stimuli. Any kind of cellular…
Q: What selective advantage does aerobic glycolysis offer the tumor over the energetically more…
A: Glucose is used by most of the body cells to obtain energy in the form of ATP. The level of glucose…
Q: Define the following terms:a. ligandb. motor proteinc. GTPd. macromolecular crowdinge. excluded…
A: The molecule/atom which binds reversibly to a protein is called a ligand. The class of proteins…
Q: What is the function of the MTOC? regarding Cell Bio.
A: Biology is a branch of science. Bio means life and ology means study. Biology is basically the study…
Q: How is the occurrence degree of oxidative stress on the membrane measured?
A: The metabolic by products produced by the biological system during cellular activities such as…
Q: How can we find the resistance of a cell-membrane?
A: Introduction: Cells are the underlying, practical, and organic units of every single living being. A…
Q: During exercise, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity leads to constriction in many…
A: The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system. It consists of neurons in…
Q: y prolonged, high fevers cause serious problems in humans. As a part of your answer, you must…
A: Basic life processes like protein and lipid (fat) synthesis, cell division and replication,…
Define the following terms:
a. proteostasis network
b. molecular chaperones
c. heat shock response
d. heat shock factors
e. protein chip
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- Explain the term hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs)?Define the following terms: a. one-carbon metabolism b. para-aminobenzoic acid c. cobalamin d. pernicious anemia e. intrinsic factorWhat proteins might accumulate when proteins begin to denature during stress? Select one: a. superoxide/reactive oxygen species b. protons/positively charged ions c. cadherins/structural proteins d. chaperones/heat shock proteins e. cohesins/transport proteins
- Kelly has breast cancer. Her doctors determined her breast cancer wasaggressive, which meant that she needed to undergo chemotherapy. Her doctors recommended a combination of docetaxel (Taxotere®), carboplatin, and trastuzumab (Herceptin®). The following is her blog entry after her second chemo treatment: As far as chemo symptoms go, the biggest has been fatigue. I was just tired, grumpy, and not my usual, peppy self most of the week. Other very minor things—tiny bit of stomach upset at the beginning of the week, but just enough to make me not feel like eating a big steak, not enough to keep me from eating soup or sandwiches. My scalp felt a little irritated—for the girls out there, itwas the feeling of having my hair in a tight ponytail all day and then letting it down, and the follicles just feel prickly—this is normal for several daysbefore the hair falls out. Also, I have a weird dry mouth feeling, so some things taste a little different. But seriously, these are really minor…Define the following terms:a. hyperinsulinemiab. dyslipidemiac. hyperglycemiad. glucosuriae. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosisDefine the following terms: a. growth factors b. cytokine c. second messenger d. enzyme cascade e. desensitization
- An athlete is aiming to optimize their protein intake for muscle repair and growth. Which of the following dietary modifications could potentially enhance the utilization of dietary protein for muscle protein synthesis?A) Consuming protein exclusively from plant-based sources like lentils and beans.B) Spreading protein intake evenly throughout the day, including after exercise.C) Increasing protein intake to more than 3 grams per kilogram of body weight daily.D) Exclusively consuming protein shakes immediately post-workout.Define the following terms: a. chylomicron remnant b. hypertriglyceridemia c. glyceroneogenesis d. perilipin-1 e. ATGLWhen an individual is fatigued the cause of the fatigue could be related to which of the following: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a.) An inability of the nervous system to continue to activate skeletal muscle to produce force due to fatigue in the nervous system b.) Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) c.) Depletion of glycogen that was stored in skeletal muscle and the live d.) Disruption of enzymatic processes that slow the rate by which substrate (such as glucose) can be metabolized
- Derivatives of which amino acid are critical for crosslinking of keratin fibers? Select one: a. Gly b. cystine c. hydroxyproline d. lysine e. ProOne day after sinulog, a 37 year old alcoholic male was brought to medical emergency department of SWU medical center in semi-conscious state. He was out of muscle coordination, with vision changes and somehow confabulating (making up stories). Which of the following vitamins can be used as a part of the treatment? * (Please choose one correct answer only) A. Cyanocobalamin B. Thiamin C. Folic acid D. Pantothenic acidBased on Figure 2, which of the following best supports the claim that drug X inhibits oxygen consumption? a.In the absence of drug X, melanoma lines 1 and 4 consume similar amounts of oxygen. b.In the presence of drug X, melanoma line 2 consumes statistically more oxygen per cell than does melanoma line 3. c.Melanoma line 3 consumes statistically less oxygen per cell in the presence of drug X than it does in the presence of the solvent alone. d.Melanoma line 2 in the presence of drug X consumes statistically less oxygen than does melanoma line 4 in the absence of drug X.