Consider a separation performed on a 50.0 mm long open tubular column with a 0.50 mm diameter and a 2.0 μm thick stationary phase. Compound A eluted at 12.44 min, compound B eluted at 13.43 min, and the unretained solvent eluted at 1.205 min. What are the adjusted retention times, t'p, and retention factors, k, for compounds A and B? TR,A t'R.B = || KA = min min
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- Consider a separation performed on a 30.0 mm long open tubular column with a 0.50 mm diameter and a 2.0 µm thick stationary phase. Compound A eluted at 12.63 min, compound B eluted at 13.24 min, and the unretained solvent eluted at 1.205 min. What are the adjusted retention times, t, and retention factors, k, for compounds A and B? TRA KA = || TRB = KB = = min minA student researcher performed a chromatographic separation of caffeine and aspartame. The retention time for caffeine, te, was found to be 200.8 s with a baseline peak width, we, of 16.1 s. The retention time for aspartame, ta, was 258.7 s with a baseline peak width, wa, of 20.6 s. The retention time for the unretained solvent methanol was 44.2 s. Calculate the average plate height, H, in micrometers for this separation, given that it was performed on a 22.1 cm long column. H = Calculate the resolution, R, for this separation using the widths of the peaks. R = 88.2 R₂5N = 3.16 Calculate the resolution if the number of theoretical plates were to increase by a factor of 2.5. 3.533 Incorrect μmTwo components in an HPLC separation have retention times thatdiffer by 22 s. The first peak elutes in 10.5 min and the peakwidths are approximately equal. Use a spreadsheet to find theminimum number of theoretical plates needed to achieve thefollowing resolution, Rs, values: 0.50, 0.75, 0.90, 1.0, 1.10, 1.25,1.50, 1.75, 2.0, and 2.5. How would the results change if peak 2were twice as broad as peak 1?
- A student researcher performed a chromatographic separation of caffeine and aspartame. The retention time for caffeine, tc, was found to be 209.6 s with a baseline peak width, w., of 14.4 s. The retention time for aspartame, ta, was 260.0 s with a baseline peak width, wa, of 21.2 s. The retention time for the unretained solvent methanol was 49.2 s. Calculate the average plate height, H, in micrometers for this separation, given that it was performed on a 22.1 cm long column. H = um %3D Calculate the resolution, R, for this separation using the widths of the peaks. R = Calculate the resolution if the number of theoretical plates were to increase by a factor of 2. R2N =A solution of volume 1 mL, containing an equal parts mixture (by weight) of aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen), was analysed by HPLC, displaying peaks at retention times 1.5 mins (area integration 1500) and 2.0 mins (area integration 2500). An unknown solution, also volume 1 mL, was analysed under the same conditions and, among a number of other peaks, there was one at 2.0 mins (area integration 4000). (i) How can the 2.0 min peak in the unknown sample be confirmed as paracetamol? (ii) In a subsequent analysis, 5.0 mg of aspirin was dissolved in the unknown solution and an extra peak appeared in the HPLC at 1.5 mins (area integration 2000). Assuming the 2.0 min peak confirmed as paracetamol, determine its concentration (g L-¹) in the unknown sample and estimate the error in the determination.1. Methanol and ethanol are separated in a capillary GC column with retention times of 370 and 385 s, respectively, and half widths (W₁/2) of 9.42 and 10.0 s. An unretained butane peak occurs at 10.0 s. Calculate the separation factor and the resolution.
- Methanol and Ethanol are separated in a capillary gas chromatography column with retention times of 370s and 385s, respectively and base width of 16.0s and 17.0s on a column 12.0 m long. An unretained air peak occurs at 10.0 s. (a) Calculate number of theoretical plate and plate height of the column using ethanol peak. Calculate the relative retention. Calculate retention factor for each analyte. (b) (c) (Show your Calculation)Substances A, B, C and D were found to have retention times of 8.3 min (A), 10.6 min (B), 12.4 min (C) and 13.5 min (D), respectively on an 15.0 cm long column. There was also an unretained species which appeared at 1.5 min. The widths of the peak bases were 0.90 min (A), 1.1 min (B), 1.3 min (C) and 0.80 min (D). Given this information listed above, please choose the most appropriate answer for the six questions listed below for the list of possible answers. Part A Calculate the capacity factor (k') for peak B and peak D. Part B. Calculate the resolution (R) between peaks B and D. Part C. What do the capacity factor and resolution tell you about the separation of peaks B and D on this column? Part D What are the theoretical plate number (N) for peaks Band D? Part E. What is the average plate height (H), based on the information in Part D and the column length listed above? Part F What would be the required length of a column to achieve a Rs of 2.07Benzene and toluene, when analysed isothermally on a 25 m × 0.25 mm i.d. capillary GC column, were found to have retention times of 8.56 and 8.67 min, respectively. An unretained solvent passed through the column in 4.10 min in the same analysis. The peak widths at half height for benzene and toluene were 4.2 and 4.3 seconds, respectively. Calculate: a) The capacity factor for each of these compounds b) The selectivity factor for the separation c) The average number of plates for the column d) The resolution between benzene and toluene. Are they completely separated under these conditions? e) What is the plate height (H) for this column? What can you say about the efficiency of this column? Explain f) The dimensions of a column with the same phase ratio required to obtain a resolution of 1.5 under otherwise identical conditions
- Substances A and B have retention times of 16.40 and 17.63 min, respectively,on a 30.0-cm column. An unretained species passes through the column in 1.30 min. The peakwidths (at base) for A and B are 1.11 and 1.21 min, respectively. Calculate(a) the column resolution,(b) the average number of plates in the column,(c) the plate height,(d) the length of column required to achieve a resolution of 1.5.A 20-cm long packed column was used to perform the separation of A and B by LC. TRA=16.28 min, TR,B=17.50 min, WA=1.11 min, WB=1.19 min, tм=1.30 min. (a) Calculate the retention factor (k') for A and B. (b) Calculate the average number of theoretical plates and plate height.Consider a 22.0 cm long column with a plate height of 0.0125 mm, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a Vm =1.2 mL (peak shapes are all symmetric). What is the solute retention time, retention volume, and peak width at half height when k’ = 7.2?