Compare and contrast internal validity and external validity. Be sure to define these terms and give one example of each. internal validity: External validity Definition: Example:
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A) Compare and contrast internal validity and external validity. Be sure to define these terms and give one example of each.
internal validity: External validity
Definition:
Example:
B) explain the precautionary principle. Describe a situation related to climate change to which this principle might apply?
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- Give typed explanation Which term best fits the following definition, “The degree to which an observed significant change in an impact (e.g., attitude, knowledge, behavior) or outcome (e.g., health status) rate attributable to a health education/promotion intervention can be generalized from a representative sample to a large, well-defined population at risk.” a. Effectiveness b. Efficacy c. External validity d. Internal validity e. Process evaluationThe following are methods to control for bias during data collection, except: a. Assuring subjects' anonymity and confidentiality b. Reducing the number of participants c. Providing training for interviewers d. Randomly assigning subjects to experimental/controlThe following case study is a paraphrase from "Good Clinical Practice. Standard Operating Procedures for Clinical Researchers" (Kolman, J., Meng, P. and Scott, G. editors; John Wiley and Sons publishers, 1998): “While a study subject and a relative were walking in town one day during the summer, a hanging flower basket fell on a study subjects head, resulting in the study subject falling down and becoming unconscious. The subject’s relative called for an ambulance. On arrival at a local hospital’s Emergency Department, in which the subject regained consciousness but could not recall the event, a x-ray revealed a fractured skull. The subject’s consciousness level at this point was deteriorating and after further tests a subdural hematoma was diagnosed, which was evacuated under general anesthesia. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and progressing well until day four, when the patient developed acute dyspnea (shortness of breath) at rest during visiting time. An emergency lung scan…
- Analyze the article “Patients’ Behavioral Intention toward Using Healthcare Robots” by Ahmad Alaiad and Lina Zhou by: A) Summarizing its main research question, method, themes, key insights, and conclusions. B) Providing some key quotes that highlight how patients perceive healthcare robots. C) Providing an analysis, critiques, any questions, or personal reflections on the content.Organizational Behavior Management (OBM) plays a key role in preventing and reducing medical errors. Based on the reading, how does OBM impact the reduction of medical errors?What does the following imagine show in regard to validity and reliability? Does research cease to progress if both are not evident? Why/why not?
- Identify which one of the four types of validity: measurement validity, statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, or external validity-is it violated in each of the following scenarios? Explain your decision. After a successful Phase 3 clinical trial in which their new drug improved symptoms in children with asthma, the pharmaceutical company announced in a press release that it had developed an asthma drug that the whole family can use. As a test of intelligence, researchers administered a 40-question American history test to the study participants. The average Score was 15 correct out of 40, thus researchers concluded that study participants are not very intelligent.You have been notified that one of your employees has been admitted to hospital with a suspected broken leg. The employee is an electrician who fell from a ladder while repairing light fittings. As the occupational health and safety expert in your organisation, describe to your Manager on how you will use the underlisted methods or models to investigate this incident: Fault Tree Analysis Ishikawa “Fishbone” Diagram Five WHYs diagramIn issues and concerns of student nurses in clinical learning what is the purpose of descriptive research to serve as a starting point for hypothesis generation according to polit and beck in 2014? Also,what is the starting point of every successful research?
- If a researcher with an interest in medicine wanted to gain more insight into the healthcare industry and profession and conduct qualitative interviews with professionals like a doctor or nurse, as well as potentially interviewing medical students: a) Describe the content the researcher may cover in the interviews. b) What may be the researcher’s hypothesis, presumptions, or expectations? c) How does conducting these interviews enhance the researcher’s understanding of the healthcare industry?2) More than %97 of climate scientists have agreed that Earth has been warming for many decades now, overwhelmingly as a result of human activity. a) A tv show invites two guests, a scientist who believes this claim and a scientist who opposes it, to present their differing views. What psychological process is the tv show engaging in and why? b) Carlos grew up believing that climate change is not a result of human activity. When he learns that %97 of scientists disagree with that view, he seeks scientists who will support his long-held view. What psychological process is Carlos undergoing and why? 3) The legislature of a state is considering whether to maintain the party affiliation of political candidates listed on the ballot next to their names. Politicians belonging to all parties support maintaining it, as they note that many voters tend to choose all the candidates on any given ballot belonging to their preferred party, without paying much attention to other considerations.…Briefly discuss how the following may determine the type of statistical analysis to be applied in the conduct of an empirical study; i. Research hypothesis, ii. Study design.
