Column B 1. activated by C-reactive protein Column A a. classical pathway of | complement activation or antibody b. C3b,Bb с. СЗ 2. produces C5a and C5b 3. contains a thioester bond that is susceptible to nucleophilic attack d. properdin 4. protects C3bBb from protease |degradation 5. induce local and systemic inflammatory responses e. anaphylatoxins

Q: plement system of defense is opsonization. This process  A.) creates an acidic environment that…

A: Pathogen can be defined as the infectious agent is considered as the biological agent that  will…

Q: Match the antibody term in Column A with its correct characteristics in Column B. Use each answer…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: 12. Which of the following statements is not true about active immunity? Select one: a. It forms a…

A: Passive immunity can occur naturally, such as when an infant receives a mother's antibodies through…

Q: 1) Which line of defense are these immune response components part of? A) Complement: B)…

A: Immune system helps in protection of organism against disease.Immune system helps in detection and…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating…

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: Explain delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). How might you expect to induce it? What components of…

A: The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is characterized by the T cells recruitment into tissues to…

Q: Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are involved ina. cell-mediated immunity. d. complement.b.…

A: HLA stands for human leukocyte antigens. They are antigens and found on the surface of white blood…

Q: The cross-linkage of antigenic cells by antibodies is known asa. opsonization b. a cross-reaction c.…

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interaction.…

Q: Type II hypersensitivity reaction                                                  Type III…

A: Type IV hypersensitivity- Effector T cells specific for the sensitizing Ag Type II hypersensitivity…

Q: What would happen if a bacterium could prevent the phagosome from fusing with lysosomes?

A: It happens when a microorganism enters inside a cell.

Q: Generally, polysaccha are not good antigenS, because B cells recognize thei annot get T-cell help.…

A: INTRODUCTION The immune system consists of cells that protect organisms from foreign invaders. This…

Q: i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing…

A: introduction The adaptive, or acquired, immune reaction takes days or maybe weeks to become…

Q: Type ___ hypersensitivity reactions are also called delayed-type hypersensitivity.

A: Hypersensitivity is the undesirable over reaction produced by the normal immune system including…

Q: The _____ occurs 6–8 hours after an initial type I allergic response in which mast cells produce…

A: Type I hypersensitivity reaction.

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: 14. Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are: A. eosinophils. В.…

A: Answer No 14 -- Humoral Immunity -- There are two types of immune responses             ( i )…

Q: The main effect of staphylococcal protein A is toa) interfere with phagocytosis.b) enhance the…

A: Answer is b.) enhance the attachment of the Fc portion of antibody to phagocytes.

Q: Match the terms to their most approriate description. Select the INCORRECT match. a. Subunit…

A: Immunology is a branch of biology that studies how immune systems function in all living things. The…

Q: The primary antibody mediated immunity response will: O A) Produce high levels of IgG. O B) Allow…

A: A primary response is the first exposure of an individual to an immunogen (antigen that can activate…

Q: 1.Which of the following statements about antibodies is incorrect? a.Antibodies are secreted by…

A: An antibody (Ab), also known as immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped defensive protein produced…

Q: Type II hypersensitivities are due toa. IgE reacting with mast cellsb. activation of cytotoxic T…

A: Normal immune system produces undesirable reactions such as allergies and autoimmunity and this is…

Q: 1. which antibody isotypes is in lowest concentration in serum? a- IGA b- IgD c-IgG d-IgE e-…

A:

Q: Contact dermatitis: A. is antibody mediated B. is both a type I hypersensitivity reaction and is…

A:

Q: grafts is mainly caused by

A: Graft rejection is a severe problem in the field of organ transplantation. An immune response is a…

Q: Which antibody type description among A-D is falsely characterized? A) OIGA: form dimers; prevent…

A: All antibodies are secreted by the B-cells.  Antibodies are classified into 5 main classes i.e IgG,…

Q: 1aDiscuss three differences between antigen and a

A: As per our company guideline we are supposed to answer only first question. Kundly repost other…

Q: tion. A) They release histamine in response to allergens. B) They release perforins to poke holes in…

A: There are two types of immunity in the body first is the humoral immunity which works by the action…

Q: In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c.…

A: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is produced by macrophages, lymphocytes, and other immune cells as an…

Q: are cytolytic proteins that binds to target cell's plasma membrane to form pores. a. Chemokines b.…

A: The immune system is a network of cells and  proteins which form a various level of barrier to…

Q: Match each item in column A with the most closely related item in column B.Place letters for answers…

A: Immunology is a subject that deals with all the study of the body’s defense mechanisms. It includes…

Q: Diagram 10.2 shows defence mechanism P and Q which occur in the body to fight invading pathogens.…

A: Immunity is defined as the capacity of the body to resist pathogenic agents. The immune system is…

Q: All the following are considered acute phase response proteins except: O CRP O Mannose binding…

A: Introduction :- The acute phase response is triggered by an overwhelming immune-inflammatory…

Q: These antibodies are capable of stimulating complement, causing type II

A: An antibody (Ab), otherwise called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a huge, Y-formed protein utilized by…

Q: 3)  Name each of these cells.

A: B lymphocytes - They provide antibody-mediated immunity. Antibodies kill pathogen through…

Q: D. antibody B. cell mediated immunity 18. Which of the following best describes the immunity gained…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: 1. Which one of the following is NOT associated with type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Select one:…

A: Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction (also known as delayed onset HS) is a cell mediated reaction that…

Q: 1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This…

A: 1.B cell is one of the type of lymphocytes which is responsible for the generation of the antigen…

Q: IV. Circle the term that does NOT belang in each of the following groupings. 1. Redness Pain…

A: Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen.…

Q: 3 derived from Toxins Viruses are secreted by /0 Antibodies bind to Antigens causing Opsonization…

A: The resistance demonstrated by the host's body towards microorganisms and other products which come…

Q: The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action ofa. interleukin-1.b.…

A: Complement system- It is a cascade system, plays a role in immune system by enhancing the antibodies…

Q: A.   In table form, differentiate Primary from Secondary Immune Response according to the ff. a.…

A: There are few important points about immunology: We know that immunology is the science that is…

Q: 7. _ (blank) _ produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream. Select one: a. B cells b.…

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: 5. Which of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation? a. chemotaxis b.…

A: Complement is a network of plasma proteins that may be triggered directly by pathogens or indirectly…

Q: Match the antibody in Column A with its description or function in Column B. There may be more than…

A: Antibodies are protein structures secreted by the B lymphocytes. The B lymphocytes upon encountering…

Q: Complement must be inactivated because if it were NOT, A. protein synthesis would be inhibited, thus…

A: It is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to…

Q: hich cells of the inflammatory proces SGN)? O a. Complement C3 O b. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) O c.…

A: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immunological response characterized by the sudden…

Q: i) True or False : Antibodies attach firmly to an antigenic determinant called an epitope. ii) True…

A: Repost the questions other than question (i,ii,iii) separately.

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.