Caspases are involved in ___. Select one: a. protein dephosphorylation b. programmed cell death c. cell division d. redox status of proteins e. protein synthesis
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- A mutation in the Ras protein could directly affect improper _____ Select one: a. cell signaling leading to alterations in cell division b. cell signaling leading to alterations proteasome activity c. microtubule assembly leading to faulty cell division d. protein degradation during the cell cycle e. protein phosphorylation in the cell cycleMatch the following proteins to their functions ✓ Cathepsins ✓ Calpains ✓ Granzyme B ✓ Apoptosis inducing factor ✓ Apaf-1 • Bax A. Cleaves iCAD, leading to DNA fragmentation B. A component of the apoptosome that results in the activation of pro-caspase 9 C. Activation of caspase 12 in response to increased intracellular Ca2+ D. Homodimers form pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria E. A mitochondrial flavoprotein that induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation F. Mitochondrial permeability, externalization of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane of apoptotic cellsFigure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
- # 3 You've engineered a mutant cell where the FADD adapter was truncated. The mutant FADD only contains the Death Domain, and lacks the Death Effector Domain. What is the most likely phenotypic outcome for this mutant cell when presented with the Fas ligand? 20 E O The Fas/FasL oligomer is formed, but apoptosis is blocked O The Fas/FasL oligomer is formed, and apoptosis is hyperactivated O The Fas/FasL oligomer is not formed, and apoptosis is blocked O The Fas/FasL oligomer is not formed, but apoptosis is hyperactivated F3 $ 4 DOD 000 R F4 % 5 F5 T BARAT 6 tv @ MacBook Air F6 Y & 7 F7 U * ➤11 8 F8 · 9 F9Based on your understanding of the events surrounding cell death, predict the effect(s) of the following on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a. Functional CED-9; nonfunctional CED-3b. Active Bax and cytochrome c; nonfunctional caspase-9c. Inactive PI-3 kinase; active BadWRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties oflife emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of acell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay (about100–150 words) that briefly explains the role of apoptosis inthe development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process thatemerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.
- The Bax protein _____, thus _____ apoptosis. Select one: a. none of the above b. promotes caspase activity, increasing c. inhibits caspase activity, decreasing d. promotes caspase activity, decreasing e. inhibits caspase activity, increasing Clear my choiceDiscuss the relationship of the Bcl-2 family, caspase family, and mitochondrion in apoptosis.Artificially induced apoptosis (controlled cellular death) is found to be an effective treat- ment for some forms of cancer. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which apoptosis might be induced? A B с D by causing ribosomes to increase the rate of protein synthesis by triggering the division of mitochondria in the cell to increase ATP production by increasing the expression of membrane-bound glucose protein channels by causing lysosomes to release digestive enzymes into the cytosol
- This phosphatase removes an inhibitory phosphotyrosine phosphate from serine protein kinase, mentioned in question 6, which activates kinase. What phosphatase is it? This is what question 6 says....This is the serine protein kinase that when activated in a complex cyclin, controls onset of mitosis and M-phase of the cell cycle. 1. Cyclin A/B 2. Wee 1 3. TOR (Target of Rapmycin) 4. Cdk1 5. none of the these ***I believe the answer is Cdk1 for number 6, but I could be wrongMy question is two fold. What are some diseases that cause and/or are caused by apoptosis? Also if apoptosis is the most common form of programmed cell death in animals, what other forms of programmed cell death are there? Thank you.I just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis family-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/death receptor 5 pathway” and noted that “DDAs and TRAIL synergize to kill cancer cells and are cytotoxic to HER2+ cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib.” For the last sentence, I am not sure the meaning of the “acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib”. Is the “acquired resistance ... to inhibitor” a good thing or bad thing, as far as the synergize effect of DDAs and TRAIL”? Hope that expert can help.