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- Consider an aqueous solution of HF. The molar heat of formation for aqueous HF is -320.1 kJ/mol. (a) What is the pH of a 0.100 M solution of HF at 100C? (b) Compare with the pH of a 0.100 M solution of HF at 25C.A solution is made by dissolving 15.0 g sodium hydroxide in approximately 450 mL water. The solution becomes quite warm, but after it is allowed to return to room temperature, water is added to bring the volume to 500.0 mL of solution. (a) Calculate the pH and pOH in the final solution. (b) Why would we wait for it to return to room temperature? (c) If the mass of the water used to initially dissolve the sodium hydroxide were exactly 450 g and the temperature of the water increased by 8.865 C, how much heat was given off by the dissolution of 15.0 g of solute? Assume the specific heat of the solution is 4.184 J/g. K. What is the molar heat change for the dissolution of sodium hydroxide (known as the enthalpy of solution, Hsol)?For oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a. the strength of the bond to the acidic hydrogen atom? b. the electronegativity of the element bonded to the oxygen atom that bears the acidic hydrogen? c. the number of oxygen atoms? How does the strength of a conjugate base depend on these factors? What type of solution forms when a nonmetal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide. What type of solution forms when a metal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide.
- Leucine is an amino acid with this Lewis structure: Write the Lewis structure for the zwitterion form of leucine.The pH of 1.0 108 M hydrochloric acid is not 8.00. The correct pH can be calculated by considering the relationship between the molarities of the three principal ions in the solution (H+, Cl, and OH). These molarities can be calculated from algebraic equations that can be derived from the considerations given below. a. The solution is electrically neutral. b. The hydrochloric acid can be assumed to be 100% ionized. c. The product of the molarities of the hydronium ions and the hydroxide ions must equal Kw. Calculate the pH of a 1.0 108-M HCl solution.The sec-butyl cation can react as both a Brnsted-Lowry acid (a proton donor) and a Lewis acid (an electron pair acceptor) in the presence of a watersulfuric acid mixture. In each case, however, the product is different. The two reactions are as follows: (a) In which reaction(s) does this cation react as a Lewis acid? In which reaction(s) does it react as a Brnsted-Lowry acid? (b) Write Lewis structures for reactants and products and show by the use of curved arrows how each reaction occurs.
- A solution is prepared from 0.150 mol of formic acid and enough water to make 0.425 L of solution. a Determine the concentrations of H3O+ and HCOO in this solution. b Determine the H3O+ concentration that would be necessary to decrease the HCOO concentration above by a factor of 10. How many milliliters of 2.00 M HCl would be required to produce this solution? Consider that the solution was made by combining the HCl, the HCOOH, and enough water to make 0.425 L of solution. c Qualitatively, how can you account for the differences in the percentage dissociation of formic acid in parts a and b of this problem?Calculate the pH of a solution that contains the following analytical concentrations: a. 0.0400 M in NaH₂PO4; Kat7.11 x 10), Kaz-6.32 x 10³. b. 0.0300 M in NaH₂AsO4 and 0.0500 M in Na₂HASO4; Ka2 = 1.11 x 10-7.7:50 A14 (4th quarter) pH and po... 3.24 x 10-3 1.09 x 10-10 M 4.325 1 x 10-4 M Part B. 1. The hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is measured to be 7.84 X 10-5 M. Calculate the following: a) pH b) pOH c) [OH-], M 2. You have 500.0 mL (convert to liter by dividing by 1,000) of a 4.5 x 10-¹¹M of HNO₂ solution. a. How many grams of HNO3 are present in this solution? Step 1: Using the formula of molarity, solve for the moles of solute: Moles solute = M x L Step 2: Solve the MM of HNO3 using the periodic table of elements: Step 3: Multiply Steps 1 and 2 results to get the grams of HNO3. b. Complete the chart using the given value of the concentration of [H*]. [OH-] [H+] 4.5 x 10-¹¹M pH POH 11.76
- AlpQLSfDoHSTx3St-UM4bnqMxleBdEx_zV4qcU5T5gr2maeyKTyW5g/formResponse A solution of 0.25 mol HF diluted to 1.0L has a hydronium ion concentration of 1.3 x 10-2 M. What is the percent ionization of HF? A. 0.80% B. 1.3% C. 4.2% D. 5.2% Your answer The Ka of hypobromous acid, HOBR, 2.6 x 10. Calculate the pH of a solution which is composed of 0.40 M HOBR and 0.40 M NaOBr. А. 0.40 В. О.80 C. 4.49 D. 8.59 Your answerCalculate the pH of each of the following solutions. (a) 0.109 M HONH, (Ko = 1.1 x 10-3) 4.0 9.34 X (b) 0.109 M HONH3CI 4.0 2.64 (c) pure H₂O 7.00 X (d) a mixture containing 0.109 M HONH₂ and 0.109 M HONH₂CI 4.0 6.20 X36. Lactic acid is a weak acid with the formula HC3H5O3, the Ka for lactic acid is 1.38 x 10-4 In aqueous solution, lactic acid partially dissociates according to the following reaction: HC3H5O3 + H2O ⇔ C3H5O3- + H3O+ Calculate the pH of the lactic acid solution described below: Volume: 250 mL Concentration: 0.2931 M Since this is a weak acid, you can assume the amount of acid dissociated is << 5% of the total amount of acid present.