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- Myasthenia gravis is a disease that leads to a marked decrease in the number of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors at the neuromuscular junction. As a result, suppose only about 200 (instead of 2000) Ach receptor-channels are opened by each quantum of Ach. The Ach-gated channels that survive operate normally and each cause a depolarization of about 0.25 x 10-3 mV when open. The function of the presynaptic terminal is normal and an action potential will cause the release of 100 quanta of neurotransmitter. Part a.) For a patient with myasthenia gravis, what would be the size (in mV) of a miniature excitatory post-synaptic potential (or that associated with one quantum of Ach)? a.) 0.05 mv b.) 0.25x10-4 mv c.) 0.25x10-3 mv d.) 0.5x10-3 mv e.) 0.5 mv Part b.) For a patient with myasthenia gravis, what would be the size (in mV) of the full excitatory post synaptic potential consequent to the entry of an action potential into the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction? a.) 70 mv…Required information Multiple Choice Local currents Action potential Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft under the influence of Sodium ions 0:00 0:45 Low concentration of choline Calcium ions -Presynaptic terminal 1x OThe following concentrations of Na+ and K+ ions: [Na+]o = 120 mM, [Na+]i = 6 mM,[K+]o = 2 mM, and [K+]i = 150 mM. Assuming that the further at the peak of the action potential, PK: PNa is 1 : 12. Calculate (Vm) at the peak of the action potential
- Action potential enters from adjacent cell. Ca2+ 2 K* 3 Na+ Ca2+ ECF ATP NCX ICF 3 Na+ RyR Ca2+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) SR L-type Ca2+ Ca2+ channel Ca2+ stores ATP T-tubule Ca2+ sparks Ca2+ signal Ca2+ Ca2+ Actin eereee 33335 Myosin Contraction Relaxation Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 1. Explain what is going on in steps 1-6. 2. Explain what transport proteins are involved is getting Ca2+ out of the cytosol. 3) Purple foxglove is a plant containing chemicals that slow the activity of the Ca2+-Na+ antiport. What will ingestion of purple foxglove increase or decrease levels of Na+ in the ICF?Place the following events in the correct order 1.depolarasatin reaches the nrve terminal 2.diffusion of the calcuim into the cell 3.vesicle containing neurotransmitter reaches the cell membrane 4.exocytosis 6.large amount of neurotransmitters is broken dow and reuptake takes place 7.Binding of the neurotransmittor to the postsynaptic membrane 8.neurotransmitter reaches the synaptic cliffA quanta holds about 10,000 molecules of ACh. How many quanta are exocytosed during a single presynaptic AP? What controls or determines the total number of quanta released? Is this under physiological control?
- T-type calcium channels inactive rapidly. True FalseSeveral conserved arginine residues in the voltage-sensor domain allow voltage-gated potassium channels to sense and respond to membrane depolarization. True FalseAction potentials propagate in one direction because of: O K+ Voltage-gated Channels become inactive for a while O Nat Voltage-gated Channels become inactive for a while O K+ nongated Channels become inactive for a while O Nat nongated Channels become inactive for a while
- Following the arrival of an action potential in stimulated cells, synaptic vesicles rapidly fuse with the presynaptic membrane. This happens in less than l ms. What mechanisms allow this process to take place at such great speed?Activation of which pathway leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and increased cortical activation? Basal nuclei D Cortex I GABA - Glutamate - Dopamine Striatum C B GPe A GPi/SNr SNC STN GPI/SNr Thalamus O Both B and C O B O A E LK C Fn AltVoltage-gated K+ channel senses voltage across the plasma membrane and permits selective passage of K+ ions. True False