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Briefly describe the role of the immune response in the development of severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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- Discuss the sequential steps of innate immune system activation in response to SARS-COV-2 infection with respect to the following parameters: Primary host tissue targets and receptors. Host PRRs. Parameters of interferon activation. Role of neutrophils, macrophages. ILCs and inflammasomes in the innate immune response. Soluble inflammatory factors and biomarkers linked to the "cytokine storm". Differences in the innate immune cell compartment in early versus late-stage disease in mild versus serious cases of COVID-19.Discuss the sequential steps of innate immune system activation in response to SARS COV-2 infection with respect to the following parameters: Role of neutrophils, macrophages. ILCs and inflammasomes in the innate immune response. Soluble inflammatory factors and biomarkers linked to the "cytokine storm". Differences in the innate immune cell compartment in early versus late stage disease inmild versus serious cases of COVID-19.Explain how the antibodies produced in response to a vaccine prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Explain the routes how SARS-COV-2 or can be transmitted from a diseased individual to a susceptible host.In addition to the tests described above, people can also get tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Explain how an individual could test negative for an active SARS-CoV-2 infection and positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.Compare and contrast SARS COV-2 and. Influenza Type A Virus with respect to the following parameters: Type of genetic material. Receptor binding proteins of the envelope and receptor used by the virus to enter cells. Effects of virus on interferon induction and innate Inflammatory response.
- please explain SARS-CoV-2 spreads through cell-to-cell transmissionCOVID-19 is caused by infection with a novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2. Testing someone for active infection involves examining samples taken from the nasal mucosa for fragments of the virus. Another type of testing involves examining blood for the presence of antibodies that can bind to SARS-CoV-2. Use what you've learned about the immune system. What are the suggested reasons why someone would possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.Sequentially describe the five goals (attachment, entry, replication, assembly and release) of SARS-COV 2 during infection of a living cells.
- What is MDR-TB? Is it communicable or non-communicable. Explain. Give at least 5 ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19.List two of the major targets of combination antiretroviral therapies used to clinically treat HIV-1 infections.Which link in the chain of infection is the intervention described below meant to break? Having moderate-to-severe asthma may increase your risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Actions you take should include: Follow your Asthma Action Plan. Continue your current medicines, including any inhalers with steroids in them. Make sure that you have at least a 30-day supply of your medicines. Avoid your asthma triggers. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html) Means of transmission Infectious agent Susceptible host Portal of entry