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- Describe the 3 ways in which bacteria can transfer genetic material to each other via horizontal gene transfer. Be sure to explain the following: How is DNA transferred between bacteria, is there direct contact between bacteria and whether a plasmid is involved or not.2) Explain briefly the creation of a new breed of plant using Agrobacterium tumafaciens.27. Match the following three words to its correct definition. a.) Transformation b.) Transduction c.) Conjugation -Uptake of DNA from the environment -Transfer of DNA by one bacterium to another by a viral vector -Transfer of replicated DNA from a donor to a recipient
- 5. Explain the concept of selective toxicity. How does it apply to the development of antibiotics? What does selective toxicity mean? What do we look for in a bacteria that we don’t have?1.(a) Explain in detail the different modes of horizontal gene transfer in acquiring antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. 1.(b) Explain briefly the differences in bioenergetics between a cyanobacterium and Ralstonia eutropha7. Antibiotic resistance is a constant problem. List three ways that bacteria can be resistant to antiblotics.
- 3. What modern molecular genetic methods are used to identify microorganisms?1. Explain how scientists could have identified the T toxin 2. Name one enzyme which would have been used during cloning at stage 2.20 16. Which of the following methods may introduce foreign DNA into a recipient? A) transduction B) conjugation C) transformation D) All of the above 17. F+ strains of Escherichia coli A) have an integrated F factor. B) have the F factor as a plasmid. C) do not have an F factor. D) transfer the F factor to recipient cells at a high frequency. 18. What is the function of the conjugation pilus? A) It contains an F plasmid. B) It carries the chromosome of F- cells. C) It converts F- cells into F+ cells. D) It pulls the F+ and F- cells together. 19. When a transposon is cut from one location in genome and pasted into a new location, it is called replicative transposition A) True B) False (0 20. Insertion sequences are bounded by inverted repeats and encode for transposase. A) True B) False 21. The CRISPR system UM (8 A) recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previously entered the cell and directs the Cas proteins to destroy them. B) synthesizes gene transfer agents during stationary…
