8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recognition, receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below: a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically removed from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells. Type of membrane protein: b) Farmer Jebediah wakes up in the morning and makes himself an extra-strong coffee. The caffeine in the coffee attaches to a protein in the plasma membrane of his neurons, inducing a signal transduction cascade and causing Farmer Jebediah to be more alert Type of membrane protein:

8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recognition, receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below: a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically removed from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells. Type of membrane protein: b) Farmer Jebediah wakes up in the morning and makes himself an extra-strong coffee. The caffeine in the coffee attaches to a protein in the plasma membrane of his neurons, inducing a signal transduction cascade and causing Farmer Jebediah to be more alert Type of membrane protein:

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter4: Cell Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 39CTQ: Describe how microfilaments and microtubules are involved in the phagocytosis and destruction of a...

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16. A cell-surface receptor capable of binding only one type of signal molecule can mediate only one kind of cell response. A) True B) False Answer: Explanation:
15. In order to function, all extracellular signal molecules must be transported by their receptor across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. A) True B) False Answer: Explanation:
Phagocytosis of a bacterial cell by a macrophage, involves extensive remodeling of the actin microfilaments in the cell cortex to produce extensions of the plasma membrane and formation the phagocytic cup. Based on your knowledge of microfilament assembly/disassembly and related cell membrane deformation, explain the underlying processes that would be involved in formation of the phagocytic cup.
14. Extracellular signal molecules that are hydrophilic must bind to a cell-surface receptor in order to signal a target cell to change its behavior. A) True B) False Answer: Explanation:
1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway. mTOR is a protein that stimulates the translation of other proteins, which is an important requirement for cell division. In the absence of growth factor signals from the cell's environment, the proteins TSC1 and TSC2 will physically bind to each other, which allows them to inhibit mTOR from functioning. However, when membrane receptors do encounter certain growth factors from the environment, they will result in the activation of a protein called Akt. Once activated, Akt will phosphorylate TSC2, preventing it from being able to physically bind to TSC1. a) In the description of the cellular signaling pathway above, four genes and their respective encoded proteins were mentioned: TSC1, TSC2, mTOR, and Akt, In the table below, identify which of these is/are acting as proto-oncogene (s), and which is/are acting as tumour suppressor(s) by writing the appropriate names in the correct column.…
12. Which statement regarding cell-surface receptors is correct? A) lon-channel-coupled receptors alter the membrane potential directly by changing the permeability of the plasma membrane. B) G-protein-coupled receptors are polypeptides with seven transmembrane domains. C) After binding their ligand, G-protein-coupled receptors interact with intracellular GTP-binding proteins, later initiating signal transduction events. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: Explanation:
a) What is the role of the lysosome in degrading proteins? What are the enzymes that degrade/hydrolyze proteins? How does the further degradation of amino acids occur?
For each of the following, describe the path the protein takes to its final destination in the cell.Drawings are strongly recommended!Proteins: 1) Hedgehog (released from the signaling cell), 2) Smoothened, 3) Ci/GliYour answers should include the following if they apply for each protein:o Sorting sequences and how the protein knows where to go at each step (what recognizesdifferent sorting sequences/tags)o How/when the protein is inserted into the membrane (if it is a membrane protein)o What organelles the protein passes through on its way to its final destinationo How the protein is transported (vesicles? translocons? etc.), including a role for microtubuleso How the protein might be modified in each organelle it passes througho What other proteins are involved in transport and how the system is reset to allow for otherproteins to be transported
The figure above shows the organization of a protein that will eventually reside in the plasma membrane. The boxes labeled 1 and 2 represent membrane-spanning sequences and the arrow represents a site of action of signal peptidase. Which of the following statements must be TRUE about this protein? O a) Most of this protein will project from the cytosolic side of the membrane. O b) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane twice. c) This is a multi-pass membrane protein. O d) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane once.
19. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules. B) Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. C) Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins. D) Answer: Dissolved gases such as nitric oxide (NO) can act as signal molecules, but because they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids. Explanation:
21. Which protein structure is most consistent for the hydropathy graph of the intrinsic membrane protein shown below? +168 F +84 -84 -168 20 100 200 300 First amino acid in window A) A seven-helix serpentine receptor B) A Type I integral membrane protein C) A Type Il integral membrane protein D) A GPI-anchored protein E) A beta-barrel protein with about 10 membrane-spanning strands. Hydropathy index (kJ mol-1)
Cell communication a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between cells, name and describe two. b) How does a signal that binds to the surface of the cell reach all the way to the nucleus? c) What does it mean that a signal is G protein linked?