Adipose tissue is not merely a repository for excess fat, but it is also an endocrine organ. Discuss the roles played by the hormones released by adipose tissue. Why are these functions important in energy metabolism?
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Adipose tissue is not merely a repository for excess fat, but it is also an endocrine organ.
Discuss the roles played by the hormones released by adipose tissue. Why are these functions important
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- Why is adipose tissue considered to be an endocrine organ?Lipodystrophy is a condition in which an individual lacks adipose tissue. The muscles and liver from such individuals are insulin resistant, and both tissues accumulate large amounts of triacylglycer ols (hyperlipidemia). The administration of leptin partly ameliorates this condition. What does it indicate about the relation of adipose tissue to insulin action?Explain the differences between a) glycogenolysis, b) gluconeogenesis, and c) glycogen synthesis. Mention what hormone(s) have a direct effect on each process.
- Considering the endocrine function of adipose tissue, why is it so hard for people to maintain weight loss? I was thinking from the adipose tissue there is: adiponectin → hormone synthesized by adipose cells → reduce cellular insulin resistance + protects blood vessels from inflammation + atherosclerosis. However, the levels of the hormone are lower in people who are obese. But I'm not sure if that is correct or not.Why would a cause of hyperinsulinism be hypoglycemia? Don’t lower levels of blood glucose inhibit of insulin rather than produce large amounts of it to result in hyperinsulinism?Islet cells in the pancreas are actively synthesizing and secreting insulin into the bloodstream. A scientist purifies different membranous fractions of these islet cells. In which fraction would she find insulin or its intermediates?
- List the three principal hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. Briefly explain the effects these molecules have oncarbohydrate metabolism.Several hormones may activate the same G protein. Therefore, different hormones may have the same or a similar effect. For example, glycogen degradation is initiated by both epinephrine and glucagon. Why is overlap of function an advantage?Under which of the following conditions would you NOT expect gluconeogenesis to occur? in response to cortisol in response to glucagon when ATP levels are low when glucose levels are low when fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is activated
- Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated primarily at the hormonal level. However, important nonhormonal mechanisms also control the rates of synthesis and mobilization. Describe these non- hormonal regulatory processes.Identify a hormone released by adipose tissue.Explain the functions of insulin. Why do you think a hormone such asinsulin is required to carry out these functions?