Address the items below as they relate to human embryology; a) discuss when the germ layers of human development begin to form, explain how each originates, explain what each will differentiate into, and what happens to each layer immediately after formation b) distinguish the developmental differences between a 20 day old embryo and a 4wk embryo in humans.
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Animal Diversity
Nematodes are commonly known as roundworms. They are free-living, very tiny organisms. They have an elongated and tubular body. These organisms have a nervous system and are mostly act as parasites to both animals and plants.
Platyhelminthes
Platyhelminthes are also known as "flatworms" because as they are dorsoventrally flattened from head to tail. They are invertebrate, soft-bodied, acoelomate, unsegmented and have bilateral symmetry.
Address the items below as they relate to human embryology;
a) discuss when the germ layers of human development begin to form, explain how each originates, explain what each will differentiate into, and what happens to each layer immediately after formation
b) distinguish the developmental differences between a 20 day old embryo and a 4wk embryo in humans.
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- Using the space below please address the items below as they relate to human embryology; a) discuss when the germ layers of human development begin to form, explain how each originates, explain what each will differentiate into, and what happens to each layer immediately after formation b) distinguish the developmental differences between a 20 day old embryo and a 4wk embryo in humans.A human is a complex organism that develops from a zygote. Briefly explain some of the the steps in this development process in the form of a paragraph. In your answer, be sure to: 1) explain how a zygote formed, 2) compare the genetic content of the zygote to the body cells of the parents, 3) identify the structure in which embryonic/fetal development usually occurs within, and 4) identify the structure that forms, which provides nourishment and waste removal to/from the developing baby.Classify and diagram embryos on the basis of their: (a) yolk content, (b) cleavage types, (3) cleavage patterns. Give examples for each. Egg Types and Cleavage Yolk Content Types of Cleavage Pattern of Cleavage Model Organism(s) Oligolecithal/ isolecithal Mesolecithal
- Part 1 a) The zygote that is formed after fertilisation divides rapidly during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy, developing into an embryo by day 12. With reference to specific structures formed, outline this period of development. b) Summarise the key developmental changes that occur from the point that the embryo is formed up to the end of the 1st trimester of pregnancy when the embryo is considered a foetus. c) What is the approximate size of the foetus by the end of this trimester?Describe the structure and functions of the four extraembryonic membranes? Compare and contrast the functions of these membranes in chick embryo and in human? Compare and state the fate of these membranes in reptiles, birds and mammals? :42 Embryology and Development Laboratory 15A: Why do sea urchins have external fertilization? [Discuss the life style of the developing sea urchin embryo in the water column compared to a very different ecological niche of the adults on the ocean floor. Besides, would you want to give live birth to a sea urchin! ouch!] 2: Then why don't the parents take care of the young? [In fact the adults do in a way. After the embryo has grown large enough and metamorphosed into a young urchin they hide in the spines of the adults, living off of the scraps of food produced from the messy eating of the adults] 3: Because the urchin life involves two or more ecological niches, they are more susceptible to predation and exposure to environmental toxins. What environmental conditions, predators and toxins might they be exposed to at each stage?
- --------------- A. Answer the following questions briefly (3-5 sentences only).1. How are the three axes for symmetry in the animal bodies established?2. Explain how the different germ layers give rise to different tissue types.3. Explain the role of axis formation in development B. write down the autapomorphic traits for the c3, c4, CAM plants and include their distinct environments Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-ecology-of-photosynthetic-pathways-15785165/Answer the following questions. 1. Where does a sea star embryo get its nutrition during prelarval stages of development? 2. More recently evolved organisms have modified the stages of embryological development. Would you expect early or late stages to be modified the most? Why? 3. The basic stages of embryological development are remarkably similar for a wide range of organisms. How would you explain such consistency? 4. As cells invaginate and move about, do they “know” where they are? If not, how is movement controlled? If so, how do they perceive their position?Do all of them please True/False: 24) Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggest that there is a universal body plan for bilateral animal development.Answer: 25) One of the four overlapping stages in animal development is apoptosisAnswer: 26) The primary interest of genetic research into stem cells is the desire to be able to clone a human being.Answer: 27) Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body.Answer: 28) The reduction of pollutants in the environment by microorganisms is called biodegradation.Answer: 29) A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA integrated into its genome.Answer: 30) An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent.Answer:
- hich of the following rows identifies the structure responsible for maintaining the endometrium before implantation, and the structure that implants into the endometrium, respectively? Select one: a. Structure that maintains the endometrium Structure that implants in the endometrium Placenta Zygote b. Structure that maintains the endometrium Structure that implants into the endometrium Corpus luteum Zygote c. Structure that maintains the endometrium Structure that implants into the endometrium Corpus luteum Blastocyst d. Structure that maintains the endometrium Structure that implants in the endometrium Placenta BlastocystDescribe each of the following early embryonic development stages of the human: a. zygote (fertilization) b. cleavage c. morula d. blastula (blastocyst) e. gastrulation (gastrula) f. organogenesis Name the three embryonic layers produced during gastrulation and the adult tissue formed from each. Note whether each of the following get bigger, smaller, or stay the same through cleavage: Mass (size of entire structure) b. size of individual cells c. number of cells a. State what the following structures will form during embryonic development: inner cell mass b. outer cell layer/trophoblast Describe the functions of the placenta during gestation and explain the relationship between fetal and maternal blood. Describe the 3 stages to labor and the effects of oxytocin and prostaglandins during these stages. Detail the effects of prolactin and oxytocin on lactation Animal Behavior Define innate and learned behavior and give an example of each. Discuss the different ways members of a population…What statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"? If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification. Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become. The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds. The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.