1. A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric¹; the second is medium acrocentric², and the third is small telocentric³. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric45, with satellite Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: a. A triploid cell in females b. tetrasomic cell in males c. tetraploid cell in females
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- We are following the progress of human chromosome 1 during meiosis. At the end of prophase I, how many chromosomes, chromatids, and centromeres are present to ensure that chromosome 1 faithfully traverses meiosis?Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…
- A sexually reproducing organism has the following phenotype DdEeAaTt: The D and E loci are on the same arm of a metacentric chromosome in cis configuration. The A locus is on the long arm of an acrocentric chromosome and the T locus is on a telocentric chromosome. There are no other chromosomes. 1. What is the haploid number of this organism? 2. Using diagrams, show a cell at metaphase of mitosis and show the results of mitosis. Ensure you show the location of the gene loci on the different chromosomes.9. The unlettered circle at the top of the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes that have not yet replicated. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is black, and the other is gray. The circles labeled A to E show various combinations of these chromosomes. Centromere D E A) Which drawing represents prophase of mitosis? B) Which drawing represents one daughter nucleus at the end of telophase of mitosis? 10. Why do neurons and some other specialized cells divide infrequently? A) They no longer have active nuclei. B) They have entered into G0. C) They only have one set of chromosomes. 11. One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells A) are unable to synthesize DNA. B) are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. C) continue to divide regardless if they have the appropriate signals. D) cannot function properly because they can only divide when there is space. 12. The spindle checkpoint…2. XX XX translation 10 crossing over Ocell differentation independent assortment O 11 12 IC * 13 * 14 6 15 *REQUIRED 1 The diagram below shows two different possibilities for the arrangement of tetrads of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meisosis. Possibility 1 16 17 18 Two equally probable arrangements at Metaphase I give rise to different chromosome combinations 19 This phenonemon that can give rise to increased genetic variation in gametes is known as: 20 Possibility 2 XX XX 21 A 22 23 24
- 6) The plant Haplepoppus gracilis is diploid (2n = 4). Inside each cell (represented here by the oval) there are four total chromosomes: one long pair (represented by "A" and "a") and one short pair (represented by "B" and “b"). The following diagrams represent possible anaphases of this cell during meiosis or mitosis. The lines represent chromosomes/chromatids being pulled to either the north or south pole of the cell, and the vertex of each "V" represent the centromere which would be attached to kinetochore microtubules. For representative cells 1– 12, say if the diagram represents a cell in anaphase I of meiosis I, anaphase II of meiosis II, anaphase of mitosis, or shows an impossible situation. If the situation is impossible, explain why. い。 VA Vb VA VB VV. V b Va VB VAVA Vo VB ^^ ^ が VaVA Vo VB くsSomatic cells in organisms of a particular diploidplant species normally have 14 chromosomes. Thechromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that containmore or fewer than 14 chromosomes. For each of thezygotes below, (i) state whether the chromosomecomplement is euploid or aneuploid; (ii) provideterms that describe the individual’s genetic makeupas accurately as possible; and (iii) state whether ornot the individual will likely develop through theembryonic stages to make an adult plant, and if so,whether or not this plant will be fertile.a. 11 22 33 44 5 66 77b. 111 22 33 44 555 66 77c. 111 222 333 444 555 666 777d. 1111 2222 3333 4444 5555 6666 77777.4 5577 20/ CV* 5. (a) Complete the following diagram to show the process by which gametes are formed. amand NOR NO devane 8 8. 072 404 PACLIGNO YOU Forsch chenyle VI SAMNING Zeytmos Lectopic of 12 mesecer in 200AU g Chor WERY IN 12120/ ZAINA Stage Act PE Stage B 2X P Stage C AUT2 Xyadden che d S www.w opov 02/01 88 8 us ml 151/3/0/00 COADCA CLAS Stage D Janis Stage E
- Changes in Chromosome Structure and Number An inversion heterozygote has homologous chromosomes with the following linkage arrangements:³ b • а b e a. What type of inversion is it? b. Draw the configuration of the chromosomes at synapsis of Prophase I. a с f d e d f с g c. If a four-strand double crossover occurs in the areas c-d (including chromatids 2 and 3) and e-f (including chromatids 1 and 4), what are the meiotic products? d. Repeat for a three-strand double crossover c-d (chromatids 2 and 3), and f-g (chromatids 1 and 3). e. For both types of double crossovers will any of the meiotic products be viable? If so which?Match the following: A duplicated chromosome is made of 2.A maternal and paternal chromosome present together, each with two sister chromatids 3.Semi-condensed DNA made up of coiled nucleosomes. 4.Super-coiled DNA strands. 5.Contains only one copy of each chromosome. 6.Name of an error during meiosis resulting in fewer chromosomes than normal in a zygote or individual (2n-1) 7.General term for an error resulting in the incorrect number of chromosomes in a gamete after meiosis 8.A specific version of a gene, such as blue eye colour 9.A region on a chromosome that codes for a protein 10.Region where chromosomes are attached 11.None of the above (should be selected more than once) with monosomy trisomy aneuploidy centromere gene sister chromatids diploid Haploid tetrad telomere Chromosomes Chromatin alleleA sexually reproducing organism has the following phenotype DdEeAaTt: The D and E loci are on the same arm of a metacentric chromosome in cis configuration. The A locus is on the long arm of an acrocentric chromosome and the T locus is on a telocentric chromosome. There are no other chromosomes. Using diagrams, show a cell at metaphase of mitosis and show the results of mitosis. Ensure you show the location of the gene loci on the different chromosomes.