A small electric immersion heater is used to heat 94 g of water for a cup of instant coffee. The heater is labeled "81 watts" (it converts electrical energy to thermal energy at this rate). Calculate the time required to bring all this water from 21°C to 100°C, ignoring any heat losses. (The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg.K.) Number i Units
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- The average electricity consumption of a house in Gainesville is known to be 1,007 kWh in a month (One month = 30 days). They would like to install solar panels of 29 % efficiency to generate this electricity. Given that the average solar power density in Gainesville is 5.47 kWh/m2/day, how much surface area must the panels occupy? Calculate the result in m2 but do not write the unit. Round off %3D you answer to a whole number (zero decimal place.)A 2.0 m2 solar panel is fully illuminated by sunlight. Assume the sunlight has a power density of 0.10 J/cm2 -s. a) If the efficiency of the solar panel is 16%, how much electrical energy will it deliver in one hour? b) If this energy is stored in a battery, how long will it keep a 100 W incandescent lightbulb burning if the bulb has an efficiency of 2.6%. (Efficiency of the lightbulb is the light out - - 100 W - to the electrical power in.)In a household during a particular week three 2kW fires are used on average 25 h each and eight 100W light bulbs are used on average 35 h each. Determine the cost of electricity for the week if 1 unit of electricity costs 12.82 p.
- 1.An electric kettle transfers 900 000 J of energy to some water in 10 minutes. (a) Estimate the power of the electric kettle. (b) How long does it take to supply 1 500 000 J of energy to heat some water? 2.Energy is measured in (a)__________________, written as J. 2. The energy transferred per unit time is called (b)__________________. Its SI unit is (c)__________________, written as W. 3. (d)_______________________ (kW h) is also a unit of energy which is more common in practical use. 1 kW h is equal to (e)_______________ J. 4 The electrical energy supplied to an electrical appliance can be measured using a (f)_______________________ (readings in J) or a (g)_______________________ (readings in kW h). 6.Heater A transfers 500 kJ of heat in 30 s while heater B transfers 0.8 MJ of heat in 0.75 min. Which heater transfers heat more quickly? Explain your answer with calculations.I often make tea in my microwave oven. I know that it takes two minutes to bring the temperature of a cup of water from room temperature to just about boiling: ready for the teabag. I looked up the characteristics of a microwave oven. Typically their power rating is about 1000 W, but I know that this is the power consumed from the power company, not the power delivered to the water. I looked up the efficiency of microwave ovens, and found that it is about 64%, meaning that a typical oven delivers 640 W to the water. I also looked up the frequency of the microwaves that an oven uses, and found thatf= 2,450 MHz. (a) How much energy is delivered to the water in the making of a cup of tea? (b) What is the wavelength of the microwave? (c) What is the energy of one microwave photon? (d) How many microwave photons are absorbed by the water in making a cup of tea?Solar panels are rated by their theoretical maximum output capacity. A 2-kW PV panel would theoretically produce 2 kW of electricity at its maximum output (during peak solar radiance). If the average daily peak sun-hours in Philadelphia are approximately 4.0 hr and a rowhome is outfitted with 10 PV panels each having a capacity of 260 W, how much energy (kilowatt x hours) would be generated in one year (in units of kWh/year)?
- In Arizona, photovoltaic (PV) panels can generate an average annual power of 1 MW/acre. If there are 311 sunny days per year in Arizona, but only 160 sunny days per year in Pennsylvania, how much average power (in MW/acre) could the same PV panels generate in Pennsylvania? Please include two decimal places in your answer. Note: assume that a cloudy day delivers 0 watts/acre of solar power. This is not true, but it simplifies the problem for us.How much energy in jouls does a (5.14x10^1) W toaster use in the morning if it is in operation for a total (4.000x10^0) min? Give your answer to 3 sf. Note: Your answer is assumed to be reduced to the highest power possible. Your Answer: x10 AnswerA hot water heater in a residential home runs for an average of 2.2 hours per day with a heat energy input of 3.7 kW. What would be the annual cost for hot water in this home using a gas hot water heater if the cost of natural gas is $0.33/m3? The gas water heater can get 23 MJ of energy from 1 m3 of natural gas. [round your final answer to zero decimal places]?
- Compare the cost to make 48 kg of ice using two different refrigerators; one has a COP of 5.00 and the other has a COP of 6.00. Electricity costs $0.10 per kWh. Using the same assumptions given in the example, find the cost difference (in dollars) between the refrigerators to freeze the water.Question 7: Certain areas in Arizona, Nevada, California and Texas can have up to 4000 sunny hours a year. The fact that these vast lands are less populated and agriculturally not suitable makes them ideal for solar power plants. Though most commercial solar panels have efficiencies from 15% to 20%, researchers have now developed solar cells with efficiencies approaching 50%. If you are asked to plant a solar energy system in these areas using the newest technology, how much land do you need to produce enough energy for the US. Make the conservative assumptions that the average light energy landing to the Earth' surface is 1.0 cal/(cm2 min). An estimate for the US energy consumption by major sources is given below. U.S. primary energy consumption by major sources, 1950-2019 quadrillion British thermal units 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 renewables nuclear petroleum natural gas coalBaseboard heaters are basically electric resistance heaters and are frequently used in space heating. A home owner claims that her 5-year-old baseboard heaters have a conversion efficiency of 100 percent. Is this claim in violation of any thermodynamic laws? Explain.