A bottling company produces bottles of fruit juice that are filled, onaverage, with 32 ounces of juice. Due to random fluctuations in the machinery, the actual volume of juice is normally distributed with a standarddeviation of 0.4 oz. Let P be the probability of a bottle having less than31 oz. Express P as an integral of an appropriate density function andcompute its value numerically.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.