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- a. Identify the cell shape, cell arrangement, and Gram reaction of the Unknown microbe in the image below. b. Suppose the corresponding Gram negative control were purple. Explain what step(s) of the Gram stain you would adjust and how you would adjust them to ensure the accuracy of your Unknown resultsDescribe in detail all the steps needed to determine whether an Unknown bacteria has a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell wall using the Gram stain. (You can describe the method presented in the Exercise 3-6 Gram stain videos or in the Lab Manual.) 1. Start by describing the method of transferring the bacteria onto the microscope slide, then describe heat-fixing the emulsion of the Unknown bacteria. (Do not describe all the steps needed to perform aseptic technique. Just say “Bacteria was added aseptically.”) 2. Describe the Gram stain in detail. (This description should include all the stains, how long the stain should set on slide, and Genus and species names of bacteria you are using as CONTROLS.)1.why is gram stain considered a differential stain? 2.How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in cellular structure, and how does this contribute to their differential staining properties? 3.How does the age of a culture affect the gram stain reaction? What is an optimum culture age for a valid gram reaction? 4.Which step in the gram stain procedure is most prone to error?If done correctly how might that step affect the end result? 5.what is the function of mordant, and which reagent serves this purpose in the gram stain procedure? 6.List the reagents of the gram star technique in order and their general role in the staining process. 7.In what type of cell, gram -positive or gram-negative , would you find lipopolysaccharide in its cell wall?
- Examine the image below. The bacteria in this image have been treated with gram straining procedure. Indicate the following information: A. Shape....... gram stain( +) , Gram (-) or both B. Stained color under microscope C. PG Wall thick, thin or bothIsolate #2: Cell Morphology (shape) . a. b. Isolate #2: Gram stain result Gram Postive. (The color I see on my screen is purple.) c. List at least two genera (not species) of bacteria that are consistent with the Gram reaction and morphology you observed. d. Are any of these genera are normal flora on the skin? If so which one(s)? (1 pt) ***Please answer the four questions base on the picture provided.***Explain the principle of Gram staining. (You do not need to describe the procedure step by step).
- Select all that apply to a direct simple stain: 1. the dye is acidic or negatively charged and stains the background 2. uses multiple dyes in the procedure 3. cells will never be distorted or shrunken 4. uses only 1 dye in the procedure 5. does involve a washing step 6. can be used to determine cell morphology, size, and arrangement. 7. does involve fixing 8. the dye is basic or positively charged and stains the bacteria 9. cells may be distorted or shrunken 10. does not involve a washing step 11. does not involve fixing1. What is the purpose for using stains? What microbial characteristics can one ascertain from a simple stain? 2. Why is it necessary to make a heat-fix smear and what are the disadvantages of heat fixing? 3. what is the best age for your culture when performing a gram stain? Why? 4. Why is Gean staining considered a differential staining process? 5. What are some reasons a Gram positive cell might appear Gram negative?Which of the following can be used to distinguish one colony from another on an agar plate? Select all that apply. a. Shape b. Color c. Gram stain d. Cell arrangement e. Size f. Elevation g. Margin h. Texture
- Based from the results obtained from Gram staining, explain why bacterial cells retained or changed their color. Briefly explain the principle behind the procedure. Cite advantages of differential staining method (Gram staining and endospore staining) over simple staining only. List other staining methods aside from those you performed in the laboratory. conclusion:a. After conducting the Gram staining procedures and you observed that all cells are stained with too much purple though the bacteria you fixed is Gram negative, what could be the mistake you have done? b. After conducting the Gram staining procedures and you observed that all cells are stained with too much pink though the bacteria you fixed is Gram positive, what could be the mistake you have done?Why is it important to perform a gram stain for any type of bacteria? After performing the gram stain method what would be the next step? (Think in terms of the real-world situation) Explain.