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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
7. discuss the role environment plays on
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- Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by recessive alleles that are not expressed in heterozygotes. Some people think that eugenicsthe selective breeding of humans to eliminate undesirable genetic traitsprovides a way for us to rid our populations of such harmful alleles. Explain why eugenics cannot eliminate such genetic traits from human populations.6. Identify the mode of inheritance for the following pedigree. Provide the genotypes of indicated individuals. ? Genotypes: Il-1 IV-1 V-6 Il-2 IV-2 V-12 Il-3 IV-3 V- 14 III-1 IV-4 V-16 III-13 V- 1 V-195. The ability to taste PTC paper is controlled by a dominant gene. The ability to taste (T) PTC is 1ueunuop sno8Ázounu ae RIR dominant over the inability to taste (t) PTC. Normal skin (N) is dominant over albino skin (n). Two tasters, normally pigmented, have an albino son and a non-taster daughter. Show the cross between the parents. Genotype of mom Genotype of dad Genotypes Phenotypes What is the chance that the albino son is a taster? What is the chance that the non-taster daughter is an albino? What is the chance that the non-taster daughter is a carrier of the albino trait? What is the chance of getting offspring who are heterozygous for both traits?
- 6. Contrast the inheritance of linked genes with unlinked genes. What characteristics do unlinked genes possess that linked genes may not have? Describe briefly.4. The A and 1B alleles in human blood are co-dominant but both are completely dominant to the i (give O blood type) allele. Fill in the table: Phenotype Genotype(s) A blood OR B blood OR AB blood poojq o Problem: Can a man who has O blood father a child with B blood? Explain your answer. Personet use only, do mOeproduce cd.eou garciato187 5 Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive gene found on the X chromosome. A woman who is heterozygous for the gene has children with a man who has the condition. a What is the genotype of the man? What is the genotype of the woman? b Gametes produced by the man? Gametes produced by the woman? C In the space provided, draw a Punnett square for the parents previously described in this question. Include phenotype in each box. Next to your Punnett square, clearly identify the ratios for both genotype and phenotype. Personalise ony cootreoroduIce 70 TT-0207 GAICiato187@student.laccd.edu Personal use oniv do not reproduce 20-TT-0707 garciafo187@student…8. contrast the inheritance of linked genes with unlinked genes
- 1. In dogs, brown or black coat color is determined by a single autosomal gene with brown (b) being recessive to black (B). A separate gene called extension with alleles e and E also influences color. ee is epistatic black and brown. Dogs that are homozygous for the extension (e) allele have yellow coat color regardless of other genes. The presence of a single E allele allows black or brown to be expressed. Trixie, dog with yellow coat color, is mated to Mansfield, a dog with black coat color, and the puppies are produced in the following ratios: ½ yellow 14 black 1/4 brown What were the genotypes of Trixie and Mansfeild?4. In humans, cystic fibrosis and albinism are both inherited as independently assorting autosomal recessive traits. Use fto represent the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis and Ffor the allele for the unaffected condition. Use A to represent the dominant allele for normal melanin man is albino and heterozygous for cystic fibrosis. His wife has the unaffected phenotype for both traits, although her father had cystic fibrosis and a for the recessive allele for albinism. and her mother is albino. 4a. What is the genotype of the wife? 4b. What is the probability that a child of this couple is albino and has cystic fibrosis?13 What is true of linked genes? Choose all that apply: pts deducted for including incorrect answers they never display independent assortment their inheritance pattern is directly tied to crossing over they can sometimes displays independent assortment they are genes that are found on the same chromosome and thus are inherited together
- 7. There are two different loci that cause white coat color in horses. One locus is the albino locus found in all mammals. Albinism (c) is recessive and autosomal. Normal color is produced when at least one "C" is present. There is also a dominant white locus where Ww is a white horse, but WW is lethal. Normal color is produced when the genotype ww is present. An albino horse (ccww) is crossed to a white horse (CCWW). Half of the progeny from this cross are white, half are horses of other colors. If one selects from these progeny two white horses and crosses them, what ratio of living progeny (white to colored) is expected? а. 11:1 b. 15:1 с. 9:3 d. 12:1 е. 1:1 f. 9:71. Given the karyotype shown here, is this a male or a female? What would the genotype/phenotype of this individual be?8. This family pedigree follows a family afflicted by a trait determined by the R gene IdA 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 e. What is the genotype of individual 1: f. What is the genotype of individual 6: g. What is the genotype of individual 2: h. What is the genotype of individual 13: i. Is this trait autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked recessive? Why? |