69° 66° 66 Sweden Alces alces 63 63° 60 60° FIGURE 8.2 Moose (Alces alces) are larger in the north of Sweden than in the south. 57 57 This cline is an example of Bergmann's rule, which says that the body sizes of mammals and birds tend to increase with distance from the equator. (After (31].) 54° 180 190 200 210 220 230 Average body mass of moose (kg) 200 km Latitude ("N)

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Chapter20: Development Of Evolutionary Thinking
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1ITD: For centuries, animal breeders have used artificial selection to increase the speed of racehorses....
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Question

Clines in body size have been observed in many
species, such as the latitudinal cline in moose
shown in Figure 8.2.
a. Does a cline in body size necessarily result
from variation in allele frequencies at loci that
affect body size? Why or why not?
b. How might you determine whether a cline
in body size was caused by clines in allele
frequencies?
c. Say there is strong evidence that a latitudinal
cline in body size in a squirrel is caused by
variation in allele frequencies. Do you think
that data showing how rapidly the average
body size changes with latitude could by
themselves be used to determine how selection varies in space? Why or why not?

69°
66°
66
Sweden
Alces alces
63
63°
60
60°
FIGURE 8.2 Moose (Alces alces) are larger
in the north of Sweden than in the south.
57
57
This cline is an example of Bergmann's rule,
which says that the body sizes of mammals
and birds tend to increase with distance
from the equator. (After (31].)
54°
180 190 200 210 220 230
Average body mass of moose (kg)
200 km
Latitude ("N)
Transcribed Image Text:69° 66° 66 Sweden Alces alces 63 63° 60 60° FIGURE 8.2 Moose (Alces alces) are larger in the north of Sweden than in the south. 57 57 This cline is an example of Bergmann's rule, which says that the body sizes of mammals and birds tend to increase with distance from the equator. (After (31].) 54° 180 190 200 210 220 230 Average body mass of moose (kg) 200 km Latitude ("N)
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