6) The C-terminal domain (CTD) of yeast RNA polymerase II (RPB) subunit RPB1 contains the repeating amino acid sequence "-PTSPSYS-". Explain how this sequence plays a role in the regulation of the transcriptional activity of the yeast RPB holoenzyme.
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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- If the following truncated peptide represents the active domain of the COVID19’s S-protein N-terminal ----Leu-Leu-Gly-Cys-Ile-Glu-Ser-Thr-Cys-Ala ------ C-terminal a) state the RNA sequence of this peptide given that Leu is the first amino acid b) show a point mutation using the RNA sequence & explain how it results in silent mutation effect c) show a deletion mutation using the RNA sequence & explain the consequence(s)Sickle-cell disease is caused by a so-called point mutation in the humanβ - globin gene. A point mutation is the result of a single base substitution inthe DNA encoding a gene. The sickle-cell mutation results in the substitutionof Val for Glu at position 6 in the β - globin protein.(a) Using the information in as shown, explain how a point mutationcould change a codon for Glu to a codon for Val.(b) Do you expect the pI for the sickle-cell β - globin to be higher or lowerthan the pI for wild-type β-globin ? Explain.a) Identify the current stage of the translation process shown in Figure 1 and name the anticodon sequence in tRNAb) State TWO immediate, main consequences when a stop codon reaches the E site.
- During translation, the tRNA antlicodon sequence G-A-U vyould blnd to which MRNA codon (plck one of the cholces I -V below)? Note: all of the sequencos for tho quostlon and answors use the standard convention for representing ollgonuclootidos discussed In class whoro tho 5'-ond Is at the loft and the 3'-ond Is at the right. I) G-A-U II) U-A-G I) C-U-A IV) A-U-C V A-T-C OA. none of the cholces OB. IV Oc." OD.! OE, IIConsider the now dominant variant of the SARS-CoV-2 called the D614G mutation: a) The mutation changes an Aspartate (D, Asp) to a Glycine (G, Gly) at nucleotide position 614 (that’s why it’s called the D614G mutant) in the S1 subunit of the Spike protein. Using only the information above and a codon table, what are the mRNA codon sequences of the 2019-dominant and 2020-dominant Spike proteins? Note the figure above is not needed toanswer the question. Report in 5’ to 3' orientation __________________________________________ b) What type of substitution is this? In your answer, address the following: • The expected substitution in base sequence (e.g., A à C)• If the mutation is synonymous, nonsynonymous, or a frameshift• If the mutation is a transition or a transversion c) The mutation increases infectivity by reducing the stability of the Spike protein such that it can remain in the open conformation more often. The open conformation increases the chances of binding to the host ACE2…Briefly explain WHY a 5 7-methylguanosine cap is only added to mRNA, not to tRNA orrRNA. (Please note that I am not looking for the function of the 5’ cap, but for the mechanismrestricting capping to messenger RNA.)
- 28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.Sickle-cell disease is caused by a so-called point mutation in the humanβ-globin gene. A point mutation is the result of a single base substitution inthe DNA encoding a gene. The sickle-cell mutation results in the substitution of Val for Glu at position 6 in the β-globin protein.(a) Using the information in Figure, explain how a point mutationcould change a codon for Glu to a codon for Val.(b) Do you expect the pI for the sickle-cell b-globin to be higher or lowerthan the pI for wild-type β-globin? ExplainThe antibiotic paromomycin binds to a ribosome and induces the same conformational changes in 16S rRNA residues A1492 and A1493 as are induced by codon–anticodon pairing (Fig.). Propose an explanation for the antibiotic eff ect of paromomycin.
- Suppose an mRNA transcript with the following base sequence reaches a ribosome: 5' AUGCGUUAUGGCUACUGA - 3' Give the primary structure of the protein that the ribosome will build, by writing the 3-letter codes of the amino acid residues in the usual order (N- to C-terminus). If there is more than one possible protein that will be produced, write the amino acid residue sequence for any of them. You will find some useful information about the genetic code and amino acids in the ALEKS Data resource. I Don't Know Submit O 2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center | Acce DELL F4 F10 F11 F12 PrtScr Insert Delete PgL F1 F2 F3 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 "R %2# $4 & BackspaceSearching the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, researchers found approximately 4,000 DNA sites with a sequence which could potentially bind the yeast transcription factor GAL4. GAL4 activates the transcription of galactose genes. Yet there are only 10 GAL4-binding sites which control the genes necessary for galactose metabolism. The GAL4 binding sequence is CGGAT#AGAAGC*GCCG, where # is T, C or G, and * is C or T. In one chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP), yeast growing on galactose were lysed, and subjected to cross-linking reagents which cross-linked transcription factors and activators to DNA. Next the DNA was sheared into small fragments, and antibodies to GAL4 were added. These antibodies coprecipitated the GAL4 and the DNA it was cross-linked to. The cross-linking was then chemically reversed, and the DNA was isolated, cloned into a library of plasmids and sequenced. Results showed that only 10 different DNA sequences had GAL4 bound. Since the…Please help with all parts of A, B, C, D 2. You are studying the function of a messenger RNA named Genetixrox and want to label themRNA with a radioactive atom. Assume the mRNA is long and contains all four standardRNA bases. Assume that the cell cannot convert ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides (orvice versa).A. Will you generate radioactive Genetixrox mRNA with 3H-threonine? Threonine is an aminoacid. Answer yes or no, and provide a one sentence rationale.B. Will you generate radioactive Genetixrox mRNA with 3H-adenosine triphosphate? Answeryes or no, and provide a one sentence rationale.C. Will you generate radioactive Genetixrox mRNA with 3H-deoxyadenosine triphosphate?Answer yes or no, and provide a one sentence rationale.D. Will you generate radioactive Genetixrox mRNA 12C-with adenosine triphosphate? Answeryes or no, and provide a one sentence rationale