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- 1.The passing of antibodies into newborn babies by their mothers is known as: A) active immunity B) passive immunity C) primary immune response D) antigens The immune system responds to the antigens found on invading microorganisms by: A) producing antibodies B) antibodies preventing the microbe from causing infection C) marking the microbe so that it can be attacked by white blood cells D) all the above41) For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that A) the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. B) a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. C) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. D) the pathogen has only one epitope. E) the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 42) In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as A) an allergy. B) an immunodeficiency. C) an autoimmune disease. D) an antigenic variation. E) a cancer.Which is not a direct consequence of an antibody antigen interaction? A) O clump or agglutinate antigens B) O neutralization of toxin C) O prevent adherence of pathogens D) O stimulation of B cells E) O all the above are consequences of an antibody antigen interaction
- Describe the following antigen antibody reactions in serology: Mechanism Function in serology Example of method a) Precipitation b) Agglutination c) Neutralizing d) Complement fixation7. Which of these cells can activate both B & T lymphocytes? a) Helper T cells b) Plasma cells c) Cytotoxic T cells d) Neutrophils e) Mast cells 8. Which of the following happens when a B cell is activated? a) Inflammation b) The activated B cell differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells c) The B cell will suppress the immune response d) It acts as a phagocyte to engulf antigens e) The activated B cell will release haptens 9. How are T lymphocytes activated? a) Release of histamine during the inflammatory process triggers their activation b) By interferon and antibodies Contact with exposed collagen activates helper T cells d) Through direct contact with a foreign antigen e) Activation of any component of the nonspecific immune response will activate T cells 10. The variable region of an antibody c) ngang naging a) Binds to a specific epitope on an antigen. b) Can bind to several different antigens on the same bacterial cell. c) Binds to the first complement protein (C1). d) Is…7. The major innate cell type to eliminate viral-infected cells are A). NK cells B). Neutrophils C). Macrophages D). Dendritic cells E). Tc cells. 8. Antibodies in the serum were secreted from A). TH cells B). Plasma cells C). Antigen presenting cells D). Naïve B cells E). Mature B cells 9. Which can initiate anti-viral responses? A). Tal cytokines released by epithelial cells. B). TH1 cytokines released by B cells. C). TH2 cytokines released by NK cells. D). TH17 cytokines released by basophils. E). All of the above.
- Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.Surface markers on pathogens are sometimes referred to as: A) PRRs B) TLRs C) PAMPs D) Fc receptors E) none of these46) FcRn are essential for: a) reducing immune inflammation after acute infection b) increasing mast cell activation c) camel immune homeostasis d) absorption of IgG by infants e) none of these 47) An example of a live attenuated viral vaccine currently produced is: a) HIV b) Anthrax c) Polio d) cholera e) all of these 48) C8 is consider: a) an essential early protein in the complement cascade b) an essential late protein in the complement cascade c) an optional early protein in the complement cascade d) an optional late protein in the complement cascade e) more than one of these 49) Mycobacterium often escape CMI by: a) inhibiting TAP b) producing IL-10 c) inhibiting MHC class I production d) destroying NK cells e) inhibiting phagolysosome fusion 50) IL-4 is essential for B cells to switch to: a) IgA b) IgG c) laE d) IgD e) IgM
- 88. A 19-year-old woman undergoes a PPD skin test prior to entering college. A 15-mm, firm area of induration is noted at the site 48 hours later. Which of the following is the most likely immunologic basis for this finding? A) Activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes B) Binding of IgG to the endothelium C) Complement activation by IgM D) Formation of immune complexes E) Release of histamine by mast cells1. During an HIV infection, a doctor would expect which of these cytokines to be most elevated? A) TGF-B B) IL-8 C) IFNY D) IL-1For the following questions, specify which immunoglobulin is being described, according to the following key: a) IgA b) IgE c) IgG d) IgM e) more than one 33) Produced early in infection with high avidity 34) Labeled "secretory* 35) Most associated with parasitic infection 36) Generally produced most prominently following clearance of initial infection 37) Pentameric 38) Capable of forming a hybridoma 39) Associated with mast cell activation 40) Found predominantly in mucus secretions