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- An 80-year-old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Hemoglobin: 8.2 g/dL Hematocrit: 30% White cell count: 4.2 × 109/L White cell differential: Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% Red cell count: 4.0 × 1012/L RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 × 109/L Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: Positive 1. What is the most probable type of anemia seen in this patient? 2. What is the cause of the anemia seen in this patient?1. What are the normal blood leukocyte concentrations (normal WBC counts and percentages) for: a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Lymphocytes 2. Indicator(s) of abnormal health – WHEN WOULD THERE BE AN INCREASED COUNT FOR EACH CELL TYPE LISTED IN QUESTION #1? 3. Why do neutrophils have Intracellular granules? Name a specific granule type and describe the mechanism of action. 4. What is a defensin? Its origin? Mechanism of action? 5. What is CD 14? What is the mechanism for activity? 6. What is CD40? Cite activities upon stimulation. 7. What is CD88? Where is it found? What is a mechanism of activity associated with CD88? 8. What is CD154? How does it work? 9. Compare Th1 and Th2 cells by citing the interleukins that they produce AND the cells affected by each interleukin. 10. Describe the quaternary structure of the immunoglobulin monomer IgG and roles for the domains. 11. After a B cell receptor binds a ligand, how does signal transduction and subsequent B cell activation occur?An 80-year-old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Hemoglobin: 8.2 g/dL Hematocrit: 30% White cell count: 4.2 × 109/L White cell differential: Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% Red cell count: 4.0 × 1012/L RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 × 109/L Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: Positive Critical Thinking Questions 1. What is the most probable type of anemia seen in this patient? 2. What is the cause of the anemia seen in this patient?
- 1. Is there a clear-cut demonstration or demarcating line between primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis or coagulation? Explain your answer in not more than 3 sentences. 2. There are 3 stages in primary hemostasis; platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. If one of these is impaired, will there be a production of platelet plug? Defend your answer in not more than 5 sentences.A male patients who is 83-year-old , was admitted to a local hospital with recurrent urinary tract bleeding and an infection associated with prostatitis ( inflammation of the prostate) . He had a CBC upon admission. The results were: RBC: 4.15 X1012/ L Hb: 81 g/L Hct: 26% Platelets: 174 X109/L WBC: 2.8 X109/L Reticulocyte count: 2.6% Serum iron: 18 μg/dL TIBC: 425 μg/dL a. How would you describe his anemia morphologically? b Calculate % saturation. ( normal to be more than 15%) c. Is this value normal, decreased,o r increased?An 80-year-old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Hb 8.2 g/dL Hct 30% WBC count: 4.2 x 10°/ WBC differential Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% RBC count: 40 x 102/ RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 x 10°/ Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: Positive What is the most probable type of anemia seen in this patient? What is the cause of the anemia seen in this patient?
- 1. Is there a clear-cut demonstration or demarcating line between primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis or coagulation? Explain your answer in not more than 3 sentences. 2. There are 3 stages in primary hemostasis; platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. If one of these is impaired, will there be a production of platelet plug? Defend your answer in not more than 5 sentences. 3. Differentiate Bernard Soulier from Glanzmann's disease as to: a. pathology b. appearance of platelets in blood smear c. stage in primary hemostasis impaired Briefly, give the advantage of platelet closure time over bleeding time in not more than 3 sentences.A 27‐year‐old woman presents to her general practitioner with fatigue and easy bruising. A full blood count shows pancytopenia, and she is admitted to the hospital. The partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time (international normalized ratio) are both abnormal, and fragmented red cells are noted on blood film. Which ONE of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this case? Select one: A.Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia B.Acute promyelocytic leukaemia C.Acute myeloid leukaemia without differentiation D.Acute monoblastic leukaemiaXin’s blood was drawn and testing was conducted. His hematocrit was 45% and white-blood cell count was 2,500 white-blood cells/mm3, with the differential showing neutrophils 65%, lymphocytes 25%, monocytes 10%. A biopsy was taken of one of the discolored lesions and cell culture. After three days of growth the cells were confirmed as coming from malignant cancerous tissue. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the area around the skin lesions on Xin’s inner thigh revealed enlarged lymph nodes, a sign of potential metastasis. DNA sequencing of the lesion biopsy revealed DNA consistent with human herpesvirus 8, known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, leading to the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. - What Disorders can be ruled in and out from this diagnosis?
- 30) A 45-year-old man is evaluated by his primary care physician for complaints of early satiety and weight loss. On physical examination,his spleen is palpable 10 cm below the left costal margin and is mildly terder to palpation. His laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 125,000/Ml with a differential of 80% neutrophils, 9% bands, 3% myelocytes, 3% metamyelocytes,1% blasts, 1% lymphocytes, 1% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. Hemogicbin is 8.4 g/dL, hematocrit 26.8% ,and platelet count is 668,000/uL. A bone marrow biopsy demonstrates increased celluarity with an increased myeloid to erythroid ratio. Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities is most likey to be found in this patient? A Deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5, del(5q) B Inversion of chromosome 16,inv(16) C Reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (Philadelphia chromosome D Translocations of the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17 E Trisomy 12List 3 general component in plasma or serum that will increase phagocytosis in the Neutrophil Function Test.A 4-year-old boy has massive nosebleeds, post-traumatic inflammations of the knee and elbow joints, extensive hematomas. After the examination, the diagnosis "Hemophilia" was made. Questions: 1. What type of hemostasis is disrupted in hemophilia? 2. What the other kind of hemostasis do you know? 3. Indicate the causes of hemostasis. 4. Check the stages and mechanisms of blood clotting. 5. Specify the different types of thrombi. 6. Describe the biological significance of thrombus formation. 7. What are the outcomes of thrombi?