5. Which of the following evolutionary processes (leading to speciation) is based on random changes population gene frequencies, due to a sudden decline in population size, followed by a recovery? A. migration (1like the evolution of Galapagos Island finches from one South American finch species B. genetic drift (like the evolution of sinistral-coiling snails from dextral-coiling ancestral snails) C. mutation (like the evolution of a new strain of influenza virus from an old ancestral strain) D. natural selection (like the environmental selection of polar bears from ancestral brown bears) E. artificial selection (like the human-directed selection of friendly dogs from ancestral gray wolves)

5. Which of the following evolutionary processes (leading to speciation) is based on random changes population gene frequencies, due to a sudden decline in population size, followed by a recovery? A. migration (1like the evolution of Galapagos Island finches from one South American finch species B. genetic drift (like the evolution of sinistral-coiling snails from dextral-coiling ancestral snails) C. mutation (like the evolution of a new strain of influenza virus from an old ancestral strain) D. natural selection (like the environmental selection of polar bears from ancestral brown bears) E. artificial selection (like the human-directed selection of friendly dogs from ancestral gray wolves)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Similar questions

1. Anagenesis (non-branching speciation), in which the ancestral and descendant populations do not co- exist in time, but might have occupied the same geographic area, is thought to have occurred in the case: A. of the evolution of several Hawaiian honeycreepers from a single Asian migratory species B. of the evolution of the polar bear Ursus arctos maritimus from the brown bear in Kamchatka C. of the evolution of 13 Galapagos finches from a single South American migratory species D. of the evolution of the proto-horse Merychippus from the near-horse Parahippus on prairies E. of the evolution of the arctic fox from the swift fox in tundra regions of North America
2. Jeąn-Baptiste Lamarck's explanation for the evolution of long-necked giraffes from shorter- neckêd okapi-like ancestors on a savanna would include all of the following features except: A. over time, inheritance of acquired characteristics in okapis would lead to savanna giraffes B. once an okapi had acquired a longer neck, it could pass on this new trait to its offspring C. okapis in a savanna habitat found it advantageous to stretch their necks for treetop leaves D. each individual okapi could increase its neck-length by deliberate, consistent exercise E. only those okapis with favorable traits (long necks) could be ancestral to savanna giraffes
4. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? Group of answer choices a. A population of finches becomes separated in the Galapagos Islands and begins to develop into two different species of finch b. Two different species of plants in separate deserts evolve a similar waxy outer cuticle to preserve water c. One species of lizard evolves a green coloration to blend in with its tropical forest surroundings, whereas another species evolves a tan coloration to blend in with its desert surroundings d. Because they share a recent common ancestor, Lions and Bengal Tigers both have retractable claws for catching prey e. Melanic moths begin to lose pigment in their wings as the environment becomes less polluted 6. Which of the following scenarios is an example of stabilizing selection? Group of answer choices a. A population of sharks is evolving towards the average body size; small sharks fall prey to killer whales, large sharks can't get…
5. Darwin's finches evolved into many separate species on the Galapagos Islands, with the Pacific Ocean as a barrier to their interbreeding. Since the Pacific Ocean was a barrier between these islands before the ancestral finch first arrived, this represents which of the following pre-zygotic barriers? A. allopatric isolation by means of vicariance B. gamete isolation C. mechanical isolation D. habitat isolation E. allopatric isolation by means of dispersal
4. When Asian rosefinches first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (about 4.0 million years ago), they diversified into a number of different species on different islands. Since the Pacific Ocean was a barrier between these islands before the ancestral species first arrived, this represents which pre-zygotic barrier? A. allopatric isolation by means of vicariance B. gamete isolation C. mechanical isolation D. habitat isolation E. allopatric isolation by means of dispersal
1. Which of these populations has all the characteristics needed to evolve by natural selection? A. a population of lizards may be brown or red. The temperature of the eggs determines the color of the baby lizards, and a brown parent lizard is equally likely to give birth to either color of offspring. B. a population of spiders includes individuals that build their webs in triangle shapes and others that build their webs in round shapes. They inherit their web-building strategies from their parents and all shapes are equally successful at catching insects. C. some gazelles are capable of running faster than others, a skill that is partially genetic Faster gazelles tend to live longer and have more offspring. A. Population A B. Population B C. Population C 2. Your friend asks you "If evolution is real, why aren't humans perfectly adapted by now! why do people still get heart disease and cancer and die?" Which of these would be an accurate response you could give? A. Evolution only…
2. The origin of several new species of new world monkeys (in South America), from ancestral species of old world monkeys (in Africa), by "rafting" across the Atlantic Ocean, illustrates: A. the extinction of old species by continental separation (about 34 million years ago) B. the origin of new species by continental separation (about 34 million years ago) C. the extinction of old species by continental joining (about 34 million years ago) D. the origin of new species by continental joining (about 34 million years ago) E. all of the above
4. Why is the Hardy Weinberg law of equilibrium important to a study of evolutionary processes? a. it tells us how heavy are mammals and if they may have lived in cold enviroments in the past. b. It shows us to measure change in gene frequency in population to see if selection pressures are affecting gene expression. c.It allows us to study how eplgenetics affects specific traits d. It allow us to measure the age of fossils and date the origin of a species
20. Savanna giraffes are thought to have evolved from okapi-like ancestors as the climate became more arid in Africa (20 MYA). Since savanna giraffes and okapis occupied different geographic areas and habitats then, as they do today (grassland for giraffes, mountain forest for okapis), they represent: A. one of the best examples of speciation by cladogenesis due to stabilizing selection B. one of the best examples of speciation by anagenesis due to directional selection C. one of the best examples of sympatric speciation due to stabilizing selection D. one of the best examples of speciation by anagenesis due to stabilizing selection E. one of the best examples of speciation by cladogenesis due to disruptive selection
3. Sympatric speciation, in which the ancestral and descendant populations occupy exactly the same geographic area, with potential for hybridization between them, was first demonstrated (for animals): A. in the evolution of the polar bear Ursus arctos maritimus from the Kamchatka brown bear B. in the evolution of several Hawaiian honeycreepers from a single Asian migratory species C. in the evolution of metal-tolerant Anthoxanthum odoratum from metal-sensitive ancestors D. in the evolution of 13 Galapagos finches from a single South American migratory species E. in the evolution of the apple-maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella from hawthorn fruit flies
17. Which of the following statements best explains the Theory of Natural Selection? * a. Organs that are not used may disappear, while organs that are constantly used may develop b. In nature, the organism with desirable characteristics may survive, while those weaker traits may not c. Organisms develop desirable structures to survive in a given environment d. Acquired characteristics of parents can be passed on to offspring 18. Larry Daley is a paleontologist found out some Central American Acacia species that have hollow thorns and pores at the bases of their leaves that secrete nectar. He used the species to understand the history and origin of the place. From the given situation, the Central American Acacia species is an example of _____________. * a. evolution b. fossil c. mutation d. coevolution
4. The origin of the proto-horse (Merychippus gunteri) from the near-horse (Parahippus leonensis), from about 23 million to 17 million years ago, illustrates which of the following selection patterns? A. disruptive selection leading to branching speciation B. diversifying selection leading to cladogenesis C. directional selection leading to anagenesis D. stabilizing selection leading to stasis E. all of the above