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What is the most likely sex and genotype of the cat
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- 8.18 Irradiatioh of Drosophila sperm produces transloca- tions between the X chromosome and autosomes, between the Y chromosome and autosomes, and between different autosomes. Translotations between the X and Y chromosomes are not produced. Explain the absence of X-Y translocations. The birth of this child prompted the Dentons' physician to order a chromosome study of parents and child. The results of the study are shown in the accompanying fig- ure. Chromosome banding was done, and all chromo- somes were normal in these individuals, except some copies of number 6 and number 12. The number-6 and number-12 chromosomes of mother, father, and child are shown in the figure (the number 6 chromosomes are the larger pair): Child Mrs. Denton Mr. Denton a. Does either parent have an abnormal karyotype? If so, which parent has it, and what is the nature of the abnormality? b. How did the child's karyotype arise? (What pairing and segregation events took place in the parents?) e. Why is the child…In 1988, neurologists in Australia reported the existence of identical twins who had developed myoclonic epilepsy in their teens. One twin remained only mildly affected by this condition, but the other twin later developed other symptoms of full-blown MERRF, including deafness, ragged red fibers, and ataxia (loss of the ability to control muscles). Explain the phenotypic dissimilarity in these identical twins.7.18 In Drosophila, the genes st (scarlet eyes), ss (spineless bris- tles), and e (ebony body) are located on chromosome 3, with map positions as indicated: SS e 58 70 st 44 Each of these mutations is recessive to its wild-type allele (st+, dark red eyes; sst, smooth bristles; et, gray body). Phenotypically wild-type females with the genotype st ss et/st stt sste were crossed with triply recessive males. Predict the phenotypes of the progeny and the frequen- cies with which they will occur assuming (a) no interfer- ence and (b) complete interference.
- 6.11 Arabidopsis thaliana is the most widely used flowering plant for genetic and genomic studies. The graph in Figure Q6.2 shows the DNA content per cell at different times points during the life cycle of the plant, beginning with somatic cells of the flower and ending with the single cell seed (after fertilization). Indicate where the stages of premeiosis, meiosis, and fertilization would be found on the X-axis. 0.8 DNA content per cell (pg) 0.4 0.2 Time Figure Q6.27.7 Genes a and b are 20 cM apart. An a* b*la* b* individual was mated with an a bla b individual. (a) Diagram the cross and show the gametes produced by each parent and the genotype of the F₁. (b) What gametes can the F, produce, and in what proportions? (c) If the F, was crossed to a bla b individuals, what off- spring would be expected, and in what proportions? (d) Is this an example of the coupling or repulsion link- age phase? (e) If the F, were intercrossed, what offspring would be expected, and in what proportions?3.23 The following pedigree shows the inheritance of a reces- sive trait. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, assume that the individuals who have married into the family do not carry the recessive allele. What is the chance that the offspring of the following matings will show the trait: (a) III-1 × III-12; (b) II-4 × III-14; (c) III-6 × III-13; (d) IV-1 X IV-2? I || III 2 2 3 4 LO 5 3 6 7 8 1 1 2 9 10 2 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
- 2.3 Meiosis This process is more complicated than what occurs in mitosis. In meiosis, the genetic complement is cut in half so that the daughter cells each have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Because of this, meiosis is often called a reduction division. The genetic complement is now half the original, meaning one copy of each chromosome pair ends up in each daughter cell. This is the haploid number. This process produces the gametes, the sperm, and the ovum, and it takes place in the testes and ovaries, respectively. Two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, make this possible. Prior to meiosis, the chromosomes replicate themselves, again becoming double stranded. Thus, there are 46 double-stranded chromosomes when meiosis I begins. During meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair with each other, join together, and intertwine. The homologous chromosome pairs separate, with one homologue moving into one daughter cell, while the other homologue moves into the…6.5 Distinguish between cis and trans allele arrangements.6.8 Define a map unit and explain why map units best reflect the real distances between two genes only when the genes are relatively close together.
- 3.13 In Drosophila, the mutant allele bwdts causing brown eyes (normal eyes are red) is temperature sensitive. In flies reared at 29°C the mutant allele is dominant, but in flies reared at 22°C the mutant allele is recessive. In a cross of bwdts/+ X bwdts/+, where the + sign denotes the wild-type allele of bwdts, what is the expected ratio of brown-eyed flies to red-eyed flies if the progeny are reared at 29°C? At 22°C?6.6 Describe crossing over. Explain how it is related to recombinationCat fur coat color genetics is interesting. Orange fur is dominant (''B'') to black fur (''b'') and piebald, which is white spotting, is dominant (''S'') to non-white-spotted (''s''). Both of those genes are located on the X chromosome. In addition, in cats, somatic cells exhibit X-inactivation randomly, which explains why there are tortoiseshell cats (when heterozygous, have orange and black spots) as well as calico cats (orange and black but also with white spots). An orange and white spotted male is mated with a tortoiseshell female. Draw a dihybrid Punnet square to show the possible offspring: