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- 45. Which of the following would be involved in reacting to a first-time exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? a. a pre-7-10-day production of IgM b. activation of only T cells by T cells с c. memory B cells d. MHC I or II e. the macrophage as the first leukocyte arriving to the site of infection 46. The F region can do all the following except a. interact with pseudopods b. bind to B cells c. bind to T cells d. bind to pmns initiate endocytosis e. 47. Lysogeny can be linked to cervical cancer a. b. be linked to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections c. cause the production of a new bacterial strain d. be used as a possible cure for cancer e. all the above 48. Viruses that infect fungal cells probably recognize a. cholesterol b. ergosterol c. pencillin binding proteins d. DNA gyrase e. beta-lactamase 49. Which of the following would be an ineffective antiviral drug? a. one that blocks viral attachment b. one that inhibits viral nucleic acids replication c. one that destroys only the…A freshly drawn blood specimen from a patient with severe signs of AIDS shows a cell grouping of A. Reverse grouping shows no agglutination with A or B cells. The MOST probable explanation is that the patient A. is subgroup group A2 with anti-A1 B. is losing the ability to produce antibody due to the disease process C. is subgroup group A3 D. has a positive direct antiglobulin testWhich ONE of the following flow cytometry results is most likely in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? Select one: A.CD11c+, CD25+, CD103+ B.CD5+, CD19+, CD20+ (dim) C.Surface immunoglobulin+, CD5+, cyclin D1+ D.CD10+, CD20+, FMC7+
- 1. Match the type of hypersensitivity reaction with their cause. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction Type II hypersensitivity reaction Type III hypersensitivity reaction A. Effector T cells specific for the sensitizing Ag B. Immune complexes formed from IgG binding to soluble Ag C. Antibodies specific for altered components of human cells 2. Because the FceRI receptors on mast cells, basophils and eosinophils always have IgE bound, they have Ag-specific receptors that function similar to B and T cells. Of the following list of characteristics, which ones are unique to Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils? Choose all that apply. A. Binding antigen triggers differentiation B. Many different IgEs can be found on the surface of one cell C. All of the IgEs on the surface of a…A nurse administering chemotherapy through a peripheral IV notices a red streak at the IV site and the patient reports itching sensationThe IV has a robust blood return. What does the nurse suspect?A.Hypersensitivity reactionB.ExtravasationC.Flare reactionD.Venous irritation1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement. 2.Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgAandIgD B. IgAandIgE C. IgDandIgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgMandIgG
- 36) Autoantibodies associated with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus are() A Anti-Sm antibody B Anti-SSA antibody C Anti-cardiolipin antibody D Anti-dsDNA antibody E Anti-nRNPantibodyAfter Endocytosis of an antigen, the antigen is more likely to be presented on О а. МНС I. O b. On the surface of the immune cell. О с. МНС I. O d. CD molecules All the following should be a characteristic of a vaccine except? O a. Must be administrated with injections only.Which ONE of the following flow cytometry results is most likely in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia? A.Surface immunoglobulin+, CD5+, cyclin D1+ B.CD11c+, CD25+, CD103+ C.CD10+, CD20+, FMC7+ D.CD5+, CD19+, CD20+ (dim)
- Patient A, who is a recipient of USA-based poly X8650-CA vaccine for its autoimmune allergic rhinitis often visits the doctor twice a month to complain for “idiopathic colds”. Meanwhile Patient B, who is currently taking DOH pilot-used trial 1 mono E2128-PH vaccine for the same condition do not have to visit its doctor. Based on the principles of the antibody production, can you explain why patient A visits more often?14. Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are: A. eosinophils. B. macrophages. C. neutrophils. D. B cells 15. T helper cells recognize which of the following? A. Exogenous peptide bound to class II MHC B. Native extracellular viral proteins C. Endogenous peptides bound to class I MHC D. Microbe-specific structures 16. How are cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells similar? A. Both require antibędy to be bound to the target cell. B. Both induce apoptesis in the target cell C. Both recognize peptide plus MHC class I. D. Both kill target cells lacking MHC class I. 17. Perforin and granzymes are used by which cells to kill target cells? A. CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells B. CD4 T cells and natural killer cells C. Natural killer cells and B cells D. CD8 T cells and natural killer cells2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-022-00692-1 (link to research) a) In the immunohistochemistry section of the materials and methods section the authors wrote “The number of positive cells in hotspot areas in ten high power fields (HPFs) in areas of demyelination and plaques in the brain stem were counted using the image analysis software (Lecia Application Suite Version 4.12.0, Welzlar, Germany).” Why were they looking at demyelination areas for this study? b) In the effect of mitoxantrone on histopathological changes in the brain section of the results section the authors wrote “Active plaques revealed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with abundant macrophages stuffed with myelin debris, an evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown.” What does macrophages stuffed with myelin debris have to do with the study?
