11.3A1 - What is the horizontal distance (measured in mm) between adjacent tick marks,representing 10 s of time on Fig. A11.3.1?___________ mm11.3A2 - Use the time scale and estimate the UTC time (minutes and seconds) whenthose first-arrivals occurred. Then use a ruler to measure carefully the distance between the P-and S-wave first arrivals (in mm) to determine the S-minus-P time. Record your measurementson the following table.11.3A3 - Using the S-minus-P time intervals determined in part A and the travel-timecurves in Fig. 11.5B, determine the distance from the epicenter (in kilometers) for each seismicstation.SSPA: kmWCI: kmWVT: km Figure 11.5 Travel-time curves.A O15Time since the earthquake occurred (minutes)100010002000Surface-wave first arrivalsS-wave first arrivalP-wave first arrival300010002000Great-circle distance between the epicenterand the seismograph (kilometers)5Dashed rectangle is the area of thetravel-time graph B (right)B200Time since the earthquake occurred (seconds)15050400040001510GRAPHS OFSEISMIC WAVETRAVEL TIMEVS.DISTANCES-wave first arrivalS-timeP-wave first arrivál600800200 400Great-circle distance between the epicenterand the seismograph (kilometers)1000A. Travel-time curves for P-, S-, and surface waves with a set of traces from 17different seismographs at various distances from the epicenter of the magnitude-7.1 Ayutla-Puebla earthquake of September 19, 2017. The seismograms illustratehow the curves can be derived using empirical data. B. Travel-time curves for usewithin ~1000 km of an epicenter. This graph is used in Activity 11.3. Notice thatan S-minus-P time of 70 seconds corresponds to a distance to the epicenter ofapproximately 667 km. Figure A11.3.1SSPA-WCIWVT17:52:00P-wavefirst arrivalS-wavefirst arrival17:53:00P-wavefirst arrivalP-wavefirst arrival17:54:00S-wavefirst arrival60 secondsS-wavefirst arrival17:55:00y10 second17:56:0017:52:0017:53:0017:54:0017:55:00Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on August 23, 2011 (hours: minutes : seconds)17:56:00

The first two images show travel-time curves for P-, S-, and surface waves with a set of traces from…

Answered: 11.3A1 - What is the horizontal…

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)

9th Edition

ISBN:9780134746241

Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1LR

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Question

11.3A1 - What is the horizontal distance (measured in mm) between adjacent tick marks,
representing 10 s of time on Fig. A11.3.1?
___________ mm

11.3A2 - Use the time scale and estimate the UTC time (minutes and seconds) when
those first-arrivals occurred. Then use a ruler to measure carefully the distance between the P-
and S-wave first arrivals (in mm) to determine the S-minus-P time. Record your measurements
on the following table.

11.3A3 - Using the S-minus-P time intervals determined in part A and the travel-time
curves in Fig. 11.5B, determine the distance from the epicenter (in kilometers) for each seismic
station.
SSPA: km

WCI: km

WVT: km