Past paper question 10. Answer ALL parts of this question:DNA is an important drug target.(a)Explain the meaning of primary and secondary structures of DNA.(7 marks)(b)Chain terminators are drugs that act as "false substrates" which areincorporated into a growing DNA chain during replication. Using thediagrams (1) and (II) shown below in Figure Q10(b), demonstrate howthe normal DNA replication process occurs and how a drug acts as achain terminator.ACDrugA(6 marks)DNAtemplateAGCT--- AOH3'A-TGrowingchainGCT-OHA----TDNAtemplateGrowingchain(1)Normal replication(II)ChainterminationFigure Q10(b)

Key references:Alghoul, E., Basbous, J., & Constantinou, A. (2023). Compartmentalization of the…

Answered: 10. Answer ALL parts of this question:…

Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305079250

Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters

Publisher:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters

Chapter22: Biochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 55E: Although RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary...

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The base composition for one of the strands of a DNA double helix is 19% A, 34% C, 28% G, and 19% T. What is the percent base composition for the other strand of the DNA double helix?
Erwin Chargaff’s discovery that DNA contains equimolar amounts of guanine and cytosine and also equimolar amounts ofadenine and thymine has come to be known as Chargaff’s rule:G = C and A = T(a) Does Chargaff’s rule imply that equal amounts of guanine and adenine are present in DNA? That is, does G = A?(b) Does Chargaff’s rule imply that the sum of the purine residues equals the sum of the pyrimidine residues? That is,does A + G = C + T?(c) Does Chargaff’s rule apply only to double-stranded DNA, or would it also apply to each individual strand if thedouble helical strand were separated into its two complementary strands?
4) Paxlovid is treatment for COVID-19 that was recently approved for use because it can drastically reduce the risk for hospitalization and death when taken early in the infection. It is actually a package of two different antiviral drugs. One of those is Nirmatrelvir, which is a modified tripeptide protein mimetic designed to covalently bind to and inhibit the main protease (MPro) from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This protease recognizes and hydrolyzes peptide bonds at specific points in their sequence, and it is essential for viral replication. a. Below is one of the sequences that Mpro recognizes and cleaves. It cleaves the peptide bond between the glutamine and the glycine. Draw out the structure of a peptide with this sequence, including the appropriate stereochemistry for biological amino acids and assuming the peptide is at physiological pH (pH = 7.4). SGVTFQGKF b. What would the net charge of the peptide be at physiological pH?. c. At what pH would the peptide be net neutral?
The sequence of a short DNA segment is ATGGCAATAC. (a) What name do we give to the two ends (terminals) of a DNA molecule? (b) In this segment, which end is which? (c) What would be the sequence of the complementary strand?
(i) Write the structural difference between starch and cellulose.(ii) What type of linkage is present in Nucleic acids?(iii) Give one example each for fibrous protein and globular protein.
Enzymes are * (a) Proteins (b) Carbohydrates (c) Nucleic acids (d) DNA molecules
A fragment of one of the strawberry DNA strands looks like 5' ATGGCTTCTCAA 3', NH2 where "A" is the short-hand for a nucleotide with the N-containing base adenine: A chemical formula for this nucleotide as it is present in the DNA, is shown in the left box. H3C H. In the right box, draw a chemical structure for nucleotide denoted by T (thymine: ). H2N A N: N- N. Но-Р-о- OH deoxyadenosine monophosphate (DAMP) deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP)
A circular double-stranded DNA molecule contains 4200 base pairs. In solu- tion the molecule is in a B-form helix, with about 10.5 base pairs per turn. The DNA circle has 12 superhelical turns. What is its superhelix density o?
(a) Why can’t two purine bases (A and G) form a base pair and hydrogen bond to each other on two strands of DNA in the double helix? (b) Why is hydrogen bonding between guanine and cytosine more favorable than hydrogen bonding between guanine and thymine?
(i) Name four bases present in DNA.(ii) Which of them is not present in RNA.(iii) Give the structure of a nucleotide of DNA.
The coding (sense) strands of two complete (double-stranded) DNA molecules have the base sequences shown in the table below. Two replication experiments are done with each molecule: 1. In Experiment #1, samples of each DNA molecule are incubated with radioactive thymine, along with appropriate replication enzymes, ATP, adenine, thymine, and cytosine. Experiment #1 is stopped when each DNA molecule has replicated once. 2. In Experiment #2, all the DNA molecules from #1 are purified, and then incubated with again with the same reaction mixture. Experiment #2 is stopped when each DNA molecule has replicated one more time. Predict the percentage of DNA in each sample that radioactive after each experiment. Round your answers to the nearest percent. onesty sponse al offers DNA coding strand sequence 5-GAAGCGACCT-3' 5'-CCCCCCGGGC-3' Explanation Check 10 # 80 % of DNA radioactive after ... Experiment #2 0% 0% Experiment #1 0% 0% U 8 K X © 2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of…
The composition in mole fraction units of the strands of a double-helical DNA is [A]= 0.30 and [G] = 0.24. A) What can you say about [T] and [C] for the same strand? B) What can you say about [A], [G], [T] and [C] of the complementary strand?

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