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The 1H NMR spectra for two esters with molecular formula C8H8O2 are shown next. Which of the esters is hydrolyzed more rapidly in an aqueous
solution with a pH of 10?
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- A student uses visible spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of CoCl2(aq)CoCl2(aq) in a sample solution. First the student prepares a set of CoCl2(aq)CoCl2(aq) solutions of known concentration. Then the student uses a spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance of each of the standard solutions at a wavelength of 510nm510nm and constructs a standard curve. Finally, the student determines the absorbance of the sample of unknown concentration. The original solution used to make the solutions for the standard curve was prepared by dissolving 2.60g2.60g of CoCl2CoCl2 (molar mass 130.g/mol130.g/mol) in enough water to make 100.mL100.mL of solution. What is the molar concentration of the solution? a.) 0.200M b.) 0.500M c.) 1.00M d.) 5.00MGiven these two equations, calculate Cv for CO2 and N2 using the velocity of sound. 6. According to statistical mechanics, the contribution to Cy due to the ith vibrational mode of a molecule is c ee;/T Cv,vib,4 = R(7) ³ (e®,/T — 1)² › where Oi = hcv./kB, h is Planck's constant, and c is the speed of light in cm s-¹. v; is the vibrational frequency of the ith vibrational mode in wavenumbers (cm-¹). The quantity O, has dimensions of temperature and is sometimes referred to as the vibrational tem- perature (of the ith vibrational mode). The total vibrational contribution to the molar heat capacity for an N-atom (linear) molecule is then Cy,vib Cv,vib,i Calculate Cy for CO₂ at 300 K, assuming that the translational and rotational con- tributions are (3/2)R and R, respectively, and use the preceding equations to obtain the vibrational contribution. Four vibrational modes for CO₂ are expected (3N- 5). How- ever, three fundamental frequencies are observed at v= 667.3, 1340, and 2349.3 cm-¹.…Explain the difference between molecular mass and nominal mass. Give the value of the molecular mass and nominal mass of benzene, C6H6.
- The collision frequency z of a molecule of mass m in a gas at a pressure p is z = 4σ(kT/πm)1/2p/kT, where σ is the collision cross-section. Find an expression for the collision-limited lifetime of an excited state assuming that every collision is effective. Estimate the width of a rotational transition at 63.56 cm−1 in HCl (σ = 0.30 nm2) at 25 °C and 1.0 atm. To what value must the pressure of the gas be reduced in order to ensure that collision broadening is less important than Doppler broadening?The moment of inertial of 12 C-16 O is I = 1.454 × 10°46 kg*m². The molecule also has a force constant for the C-O bond of 1920N*m. Take the atomic masses of 12 C to be 12.00aμ and 160 to be 16.00aµμ and the conversion factor from 16 atomic mass unit to kg to be 1, 66054 x 1027 kμ. a) Calculate the bond length for the 12 C-1 O molecule b) Calculate a the reduced mass for the 12 C-16 O molecule c) Calculate the vibrational frequency of 12 C-160 d) Calculate the zero point vibrational energy of this molecule e) Calculate the moment of inertia for the molecule f) Calculate the rotational energy of the J = 1 and J = 2 energy levels1. [10] Consider an adsorption band in the combined rotational-vibrational spectrum of a linear molecule, where the fundamental vibrational frequency involved in the observed band is 2325 cm-¹ and the rotational constant of the molecule is B=2.4 cm³. Say hypothetically, the specific selection rules for the rotational states are AJ = ±2. At what wave numbers would the first three peaks that occur at both higher and lower wave numbers than fundamental vibrational frequency occur at? What transitions would each peak correspond to?
- 3. ^14N^16O (the superscripts represent the atomic mass number) (a) NO molecules rotate at an angular velocity of 2.01x10^12 rev/s, at the quantized rotational state with the rotational quantum number J of 3. Calculate the bond length of NO molecules. (b) Can NO molecules rotate under light irradiation? Explain your answer. (c) Calculate the effective force constant of the vibrational mode of NO at a frequency of 5.63x10^13 Hz measured by the infrared absorption spectrum. (d) NO has a bond energy of 6.29 eV. Applying the parabolic approximation to estimate the longest distance in which N and O atoms can be stretched before the dissociation of the molecular bondQ25.7 The rate of fluorescence is in general higher than that for phosphorescence. Can you explain this fact?The rotational constant of 1H35CI is 317.8 GHz. What is the separation of the lines in its pure rotational spectrum (a) in gigahertz. (b) in reciprocal centimetres?
- The rotational constant of 127I35CI is 3.423 GHz. Ca lculate the ICI bond length.Transmittance (%) 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 4000 3500 3000 OH 2500 2000 Spectrum 3B 1750 حسيمة 1500 Wavenumber (cm-¹) 1250 .OH 1000 OH 750 500Chlorophyll absorbs photons strongly in two bands, one between 340 and 450 nm and the other between 650 and 680 nm. Chlorophyll collects and transfers the photon energy to fix CO2 into carbohydrate CH2O units according to CO2 + H2O → (CH2O) + O2 where the (CH2O) indicates one carbon unit of the carbohydrate. The average enthalpy change for the addition of a carbon unit to a carbohydrate is ΔH = 485 kJ/mol. What is the minimum number of 660 nm photons needed by chlorophyll to add a carbon unit to a carbohydrate? (Remember that there’s no such thing as a partial photon.) Please no copy paste from anywhere
