Darwin's finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them tofeed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, largeground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while thecactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospizafinch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching.Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagosfinches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. Branch lengths are proportional to time andgenetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth. Photographs of profiles of eachspecies are shown. Examine the figure: 1. identify all species pair(s) who has the most similarDNA sequence.2. Clearly explain your reasons.Figure 1: Descent with modification: adaptive radiation of finches on Galapagos Islands. Figure ismodified from Jønsson et al 2012 and Farrington et al. 2014. 1.00.980.986.0E-40.570.960.94G. scandens0.420.24 G. magnirostris0.15 G. conirostris0.39- G. fuliginosa- G. fortisG. septentrionalis-Cam. psittacula0.230.20 Cam. parvulus1.0 - Cam. pauperCac. pallidaCac. heliobatesG. difficilis-P. crassirostrisP. inornataCe. fuscaCe. olivacea- T. bicolor0.960.34Outgroup

(1) G. scandens and G. magnirostris (2) Cam. psittacula and Cam. parvulus (3) Cac. pallida and Cac.…

1.0 0.98 0.98 6.0E-4 0.57 0.96 0.94 G. scandens 0.42 0.24 G. magnirostris 0.15 G. conirostris 0.39 0.96 - G. fuliginosa G. fortis -G. septentrionalis -Cam. psittacula 0.23 0.20 Cam. parvulus Cam. pauper -Cac. pallida 0.34 Cac. heliobates G. difficilis P. crassirostris P. inornata Ce. fusca Ce. olivacea T. bicolor 1.0 Outgroup

1.0 0.98 0.98 6.0E-4 0.57 0.96 0.94 G. scandens 0.42 0.24 G. magnirostris 0.15 G. conirostris 0.39 0.96 - G. fuliginosa G. fortis -G. septentrionalis -Cam. psittacula 0.23 0.20 Cam. parvulus Cam. pauper -Cac. pallida 0.34 Cac. heliobates G. difficilis P. crassirostris P. inornata Ce. fusca Ce. olivacea T. bicolor 1.0 Outgroup

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter51: Animal Development

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYU

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Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. ***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.*** Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…
Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth. Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and explain why.
Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. ***Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth.*** Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and clearly explain why. Would Ce. fusca and Ce. olivacea be considered as one of the pair with the most similar DNA sequence given that "branch lengths are…
Darwin’s finches (Thraupidae, Passeriformes) have beaks of different shapes that allow them to feed on many different diets: insects, seeds, berries, and young leaves. For example, large ground finch has a very deep and broad bill adapted to crack hard and large seeds, while the cactus finch has an elongated and pointy beak for probing cactus flowers and fruits. Geospiza finch bills develop their distinct shapes during embryogenesis and are apparent upon hatching. Figure below is species-tree estimation of phylogenetic relationships among the Galápagos finches using mtDNA and nuclear loci information. Branch lengths are proportional to time and genetic distance except for abbreviated basal node depth. Photographs of profiles of each species are shown. Identify all species pair(s) who have the most similar DNA sequence and explain why. Does branch length matter in determining the most similar species regarding DNA?
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